5 steps to reverse an overdose: How to use naloxone

Vancouver police may worry that administering naloxone is "hazardous" for their officers, but healthcare workers say there's very little risk and are encouraging anyone who knows a drug userto get trained on how to use the opioidoverdose antidote.

"Anybody can give naloxone. It's super, super simple, and it is super effective, so it saves lives," says Sarah Foster, a nurse at the Drug Users Resource Centre in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside.

The Centre, run by thePHS Community Services Society, is one of hundreds of locations across B.C. that offers training or free take-home kits of naloxone also known by the trade name Narcan.

The B.C. Centre for Disease Control hasdistributed more than 9,700 freekitsand more than8,900 people have been trained to administer the antidote through its provincial harm reduction program calledToward the Heart.

CBC Radio's The Early Edition recently took a training session with Foster, as well as with Dean Wilson, a former drug user who now coordinates the harm reduction program at theDrug Users Resource Centre.

Here are some of theirtips for reversing anopioid overdose:

• Get trained on a free take-home naloxone kit. The B.C. Centre for Disease Control's website towardtheheart.com shows where you can geta kit. "If you're a mother, and you know that your kid's experimenting with opiates, you'd better get this," Wilson said.
• Know the signs of an opioid overdose. "They're usually not breathing.They're blue.They're not responsive," said Foster. "Call their name.Try to wake them up."
• Call 911 and give some breaths. The BCCDC recommendsone breath every five seconds.The take-home naloxone kits include a one-way face mask.
• Give naloxone. The vial of naloxone must be drawn into a syringe. The drug is administered intramuscularly,meaning you don't have to find a vein. After being used, the needle retracts automatically, reducing the risk of infection.
• Give a second dose, if needed.If the person isn't responding after three to five minutes, give another injection. The take-home kits include three vials of naloxone.

Reading these tips doesn't replace a training session. Wilson and Foster encourage anyone to contact their centre to learn more.

"I had a couple of mothers from Kitsilanocome down to my last session," Wilson said."One of their kids' friends had had an overdose, so they were going to get preemptive on it, which is brilliant."

Police concerns 'ridiculous', says former drug user

Vancouver police have decided not to administer the injectable form of naloxoneand are insteadlobbying Health Canada to expedite anasal spray version of the drug.

"We just have a real safety concern for our officers in providing an injection,"saidConst. Brian Montague. "We're not health care professionals.We're police officers,"

Wilson says it's "ridiculous" that police won't carry a kit.

"You don't have to be a brain surgeon to do this," said Wilson. "Theyshouldhave one in their car. They have a shotgun back there in case there's a bank robbery."

Foster says there "aren't really a ton" of risks for people responding to an overdose, thanks to the retractable needle and one-way face masks.

"You could give somebody naloxone and they might wake up and be angry because they're in withdrawal," Foster said.

"They're still usually quite drowsy when they come to and disoriented. I've never seen somebody react negatively to having their life saved."