Syrian Kurds start offensive to retake Raqqa from ISIS

Kurdish-led Syrian forces backed by the U.S. began an offensive Sunday to liberate the Islamic State group's de facto capital of Raqqa, clashing with the extremists north of the Syrian city and warning neighbouring Turkey not to interfere in the operation.

The announcement by a coalition of Kurds and Arabs known as the Syria Democratic Forces (SDF) came at a news conference in Ein Issa, north of Raqqa, and was immediately welcomed by Washington. But it lacked details on how the group dominated by Kurds plans to oust the militants from the city, home to nearly 200,000 mostly Sunni Arabs and an estimated 5,000 ISIS fighters.

• ISIS launches counterattacks in Mosul as battle moves further into city

Unlike several successful military efforts to drive ISIS militants out of cities in Iraq, the Raqqa offensive faces several political obstacles and is likely to be much more complex.

In Iraq, the coalition has a coherent government to work with, but the U.S. and its coalition partners in Syria are relying on a hodgepodge of local Arab and Kurdish opposition groups, some of which are fierce rivals. The tensions are exacerbated by the presence of Russian and Syrian forces on one side and Turkish forces on another.

Still, the start of the Raqqa offensive increases pressure on ISIS, making it harder for its fighters to move reinforcements between Syria and Iraq. The city, which has been under ISIS control since early 2014, is home to some of the group's top leaders and is seen as the key to defeating the group militarily.

Twin campaigns simply 'good timing'

Islamic State forces already are now under attack by U.S.-backed Iraqi forces on the eastern edges of the city of Mosul, which the militant group seized two years ago when it captured territory across Iraq and Syria for its self-proclaimed caliphate. The Iraqi forces began their operation Oct. 17 and are trying to push deeper into the city, which is the militants' last urban bastion in Iraq.

Iraq's Hezbollah Brigades, one of the main Shia militias taking part in the government-led push to drive ISIS from Mosul, said this week its men had taken control of a highway linking Mosul and Raqqa, severing a key supply route between the two militant strongholds.

Kurdish officials at the news conference said the two anti-ISIS campaigns are not co-ordinated but simply a matter of "good timing."

"We call on our heroic steadfast people in Raqqa and surrounding areas to stay away from enemy gatherings which will be a target for the liberating forces and the coalition forces, and to head to areas that will be liberated," said Cihan Ehmed, an SDF fighter reading the statement.

She said 30,000 fighters will take part in the operation and that a joint operations command had been set up to co-ordinate various factions on all fronts.

"I welcome today's announcement by the SDF that the operation to free Raqqa from ISIL's barbaric grip has begun," U.S. Defence Secretary Ash Carter said. "The effort to isolate, and ultimately liberate, Raqqa marks the next step in our coalition campaign plan.

"As in Mosul, the fight will not be easy and there is hard work ahead, but it is necessary to end the fiction of ISIL's caliphate and disrupt the group's ability to carry out terror attacks against the United States, our allies and our partners."

Activists reported clashes Sunday between SDF forces and ISIS militants north of Raqqa.

SDF forces seized control of six villages and farms in the countryside, the Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said. It also reported strong activity by U.S.-led coalition warplanes and airstrikes that hit ISIS positions. The Observatory also said ISIS detonated two car bombs targeting the advancing forces.

Britain said it is providing aerial surveillance to help the offensive. The Royal Air Force "will support the Raqqa operation as it develops," Defence Secretary Michael Fallon said.

Hope that Turkey will not interfere

The SDF is dominated by the main Syrian Kurdish fighting force known as the People's Protection Units, or YPG. The United States considers the group to be the most effective force against the ISIS, but Turkey views it as a terrorist organization and says it's linked to Turkey's outlawed Kurdish group. Turkish officials, including President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, have said they will not accept a role for the Kurds in the liberation of Raqqa.

Turkey's defence minister last week suggested that instead of the Kurds, Turkish-backed forces can present an "alternative." In a televised speech Sunday, Erdogan did not comment on the SDF announcement but pointed out that allied Syrian opposition fighters were fast approaching the Syrian town of al-Bab, the last stronghold of the Islamic State group in Aleppo province.

"Our aim is to go to al-Bab and expel them toward the south," he said, adding that the opposition fighters were 15 kilometres from the town.

"Our hope is that the Turkish state will not interfere in the internal affairs of Syria," Ahmad said at the news conference, suggesting SDF forces would defend themselves if it did. "Raqqa will be free by its own sons."

There was no immediate comment from the Syrian government of President Bashar Assad on the Kurdish announcement.

Kurdish officials acknowledged their announcement was prompted by Turkey's growing assertiveness in northern Syria. Starting in August, Ankara has backed Syrian opposition fighters opposed to the Kurds with tanks and aircraft and has bombed Kurdish forces on several occasions.

"Let's be clear: Turkey is an enemy of the Kurds," said Nawaf Khalil, the former spokesman for Syria's powerful Kurdish Democratic Union Party, known as the PYD. "When Turkey enters an area, it remains as an occupier."

Balancing interests

The mutual distrust puts the U.S. in a difficult position as it tries to balance SDF against Turkish interests in northern Syria.

Political official Rezan Hiddo said the SDF had warned the international coalition it would halt its Raqqa campaign if Turkish-backed forces advanced on Manbij or other Kurdish-held towns.

"We cannot extinguish the fire in our neighbour's house if our home is burning. We were very clear with our allies. If there is a plan to attack Daesh, there must be limits for Turkey," Hiddo said, using an Arabic acronym for ISIS.

• Battle forMosulcontinues as Iraqi forces move deeper into the city
• More than 5,000 people removed fromMosul, Iraqi military says

SDF spokesman Talal Sillo told The Associated Press the Raqqa campaign will occur on several fronts.

"We want to liberate the surrounding countryside, then encircle the city, then we will assault and liberate it," he said.

Coalition leaders have been struggling with the timing for the Raqqa campaign, not only because of the demands of the large Iraqi-led Mosul operation but also because the political and military landscape in Syria is more complicated amid a civil war that has lasted more than five years and has devastated much of the country.