The fresh, young face of Ottawa's opioid tragedy

The opioid crisisthat's claiming lives across the country has taken a particularly sinister turn in the nation's capital.

Or so it appears.

Much of the public discussion and a good deal of the news coverage surrounding the growing number of deaths by opioid overdose in Ottawa has concentrated on the cruel toll the drugs are taking on the city's teenagers, particularly those living in the western suburb of Kanata.

The fake prescription pills they take recreationallyare cheap and easy to find, butthey can also be laced with potentially lethal doses of fentanyl.

Thistragic trend was given a fresh, young face when Grade 9 student Chloe Kotval, just14, died from an overdose on Valentine's Day. Police later confirmed pills found near the girl's body contained fentanyl.

• Pills laced with fentanyl found near teen who overdosed, police confirm

In a statement released the day oftheir daughter'sfuneral, Kotval's parents wrote: "We are concerned about the epidemic nature of the use of high-grade pharmaceuticals amongst young people and their lack of knowledge about them the consequences of using them are real and terrible."

While families have every right to be concernedand to prepare for the worst, there's no evidence showingyoung people are any more susceptible toopioidoverdoses than any other groupof drug users in Ottawa.

'They just go to sleep'

Sean O'Leary, whose own teenage daughter becameaddicted to counterfeit percocets, told CBC about coming home one night to find a 17-year-old boy who had overdosed in his garage.

We've got to find a way as a community to keep our kids from dying.- Sean O'Leary, parent of teen

"These kids have a word for [overdosing], and it's called 'nodding off.' They just go to sleep, they nod off," said O'Leary. "We've got to find a way as a community to keep our kids from dying."

Hundreds of worried parents packed a pair of meetings in Kanatain February, where they grilled public health officials and learned how to administer naloxone, the injectable opioid antidote that can bring patients back from the brink of death.Naloxone kits were soon flying off the shelves of local pharmacies.

Teens small fraction of overdoses

Ottawa paramedics treated 101 patients with naloxone in 2016, a sharp increase from the year before. So far in 2017, they've responded to 25 opioid overdoses.

Only a small fraction5.6 per centinvolved patients aged 10 to 19. The majority of calls involved patients aged 20 to 39, and calls for opioid overdoses by people over 60 outnumbered those for teenagers by two to one.

Those statistics don't take into account which overdoses were caused by prescribed drugs, and which resulted from counterfeit pills. Nor do they count people who made their own way to hospital.

Ottawa Public Health relies on data from the regional coroner's office,which tracks lethal opioid overdosesbut only captures data up to 2015, when 29 people died, including 14 from fentanyl. Between 2011 and 2015, only three per cent of opioid overdose deaths in Ottawa involved people aged 10 to 19.

The absence of more recent overdose data leaves public health officials with an incomplete picture, and Ottawa's mayor has called on the province to speed up the release of up-to-date information.

Marginalization, not age, key factor

Despite all the attention it's been getting,experts on the front lines of Ottawa's battle against opioid addiction aren't convinced the crisishas reached an epidemic levelamong teens.

Andrew Hendriks, a manager with Ottawa Public Health, saidthere's little evidence, anecdotal or otherwise, that young people are disproportionately affected.

Hendriks said marginalization, not age, is a more likely predictor when it comes to drug use.

"We do know that people who may struggle with poverty, unemployment, homelessness often problematic substance misuse can be part of their life."

Hendriks said the one sub-group of young people who may be at greater risk are those who are struggling with mental illness.

"Students that self-report fair or poor mental health are threetimes more likelyto use opioids for non-medical purposes, so we know that mental health also plays a big part in substance misuse," he said.

Kids as young as 12 using opioids

Marion Wright, executive director of Ottawa's Rideauwood Addictionand Family Services, which has been working with the city's largest public school board to help treat young drug users, said she's witnessed opioid use increaseand is concernedabout the insidiousnessof fentanyl-lacedpills.

"What it's really done is it's changed the situation from being a concern about not doing [drugs], to concern about death," said Wright, who hasseen children as young as 12 using opioids.

While she agrees the available statistics don't back up some parents' fears of a teenepidemic, Wright said the current focus on opioid use by youngpeople could yielda positive result.

"It will focus our efforts much more towards prevention and early intervention with youth."