Health Canada cancels recall of Ardene children's jewelry

In an unprecedentedmove, Health Canada has cancelled itsrecall of children's jewelry sold by Canadian retailer Ardeneafter follow-up tests found the piecesdon't actually contain excessiveamounts of lead.

It's the first time that a recall notice for a consumer product has been removed since the Consumer Product Safety Act came into force in 2011. Health Canada says the error might be the result of problems with new testing equipment.

On May 5, Health Canada issued a national alertforArdene necklaceswith pendants shaped like a watermelon and a cactus, as well as two hearts inscribed with the words: "Best" and "Friends."It said the pendants contained lead in levels exceeding federal guidelines.

Lead is a toxic substance that, if ingested, can lead to liver and other organ damage orfailure, permanent injury and death. Young children who mightput the jewelry in their mouth are considered most at risk.

It was the seventh recall for the popular fashion retailer in the past decade. Five of those recallswere forlead levels above Health Canada's guidelines.

Ardene saidit made several safety improvements in 2016, includingimplementing a new testing regime, sending staff to its suppliers in Chinaand insisting lead not be used in any of its products.

• READArdene'sstatement

The retailer complied with the recall even though it disagreed with Health Canada's findingsfrom the start. The company immediately had the piecestested at independent labs in China and the United States, and said both results showed lead levels weren't over the limit.

As the recall was initiated and products were pulled from store shelves, Health Canada re-tested the sample and found different results but only for the Ardenejewelry. Two other products tested by the same equipment were confirmed to have problems,and those safety alerts remain in effect.

• READ|Health Canada's statement

Health Canada has acknowledged theproblem and says it has stopped using the new equipment until it can re-train lab staff and develop a new protocol for proper use of the equipment.

China is the capital of costume jewelry

According to Health Canada, lead is sometimes used to make costume jewelry because it'scheap and easily moulded.

Nearly all costume jewelry in the world, including theitems in question from Ardene, is produced in the industrial Chinese city of Yiwu. The city is known to have a wide range of factories, from large-scale operations with on-site labs and strict standards to renegade operations with little regard for safety.

Lead was once a staple in jewelry, but retailers began demanding its removal from the manufacturing process.

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• What you need to know about Cadmium

As retailers shifted away from lead, many manufacturers began to substitute with cadmium. Ardene products have previously been recalled for cadmium levels exceeding Health Canada guidelines. In 2015, Marketplacecollectedjewelry samples from stores and asked researchers from the University of Toronto and cole Polytechnique de Montral to test them.

In one case, they found that a blue pendant on an Ardene necklace was nearly 100 per cent cadmium.

Health Canada introduced stricter limitsoncadmium and lead in children's jewelry following the Marketplace report.

Supply chain managers in China recommend constantly testing products before they reach consumers to ensure factories don't create a "clean" batch without lead and then produce the remainder with the low-cost metal.

As a result, they recommend repeated testing, though it increases the cost of each item.