Canada-EU trade, one year on: Canada's imports are rising faster than exports
As NAFTA 'takes up all the oxygen,' Canadians have been slow to make big moves into Europe
When the Canadian government talks about trade diversification, the agreement it puts in the window is its wide-ranging trade deal with the European Union, which started to takehold one year ago this week.
But cutting a wide variety of tariffsthe way the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement did is only thebeginning. If businesses don't take advantage of it, hopes for meaningful economic growth may be dashed.
Early data suggestEuropean businesses may have been faster to capitalize on CETA than Canadian ones.
The relative success of CETAcould be measured in many ways, but let's zero in on a big one: the growth of Canadian exports to the European Union.
A scan of the monthly Statistics Canada data for the years immediately leading up to CETA'sprovisional applicationshows modest growth evenbefore the deal's tariff reductions took effect on Sept. 21, 2017.
But when comparingmonthly data for Oct. 2017-July 2018 (the most recent available) with data from the same months theyear before CETA, there are periodswhenCanada actually exportedless than it did before the deal.
Add those ten months of data together, and the overall growth compared to the same ten months fromthe year previousis less than one per cent.
European imports growing fast
The growth in imports from the European Union, on the other hand, has been strong: over 12 per cent over the same time period.
Looking at the monthly data, EU imports are up consistently since CETA's benefits began.
It may be too early to draw firm conclusions. Monthly imports and exports calculated on a balance of payments basis, as these are, maybe sensitive to changes in currency exchange rates.
Importand export growthmay also be influenced by the relative strength of aneconomy.
Canada's biggest market in the EU remains the United Kingdom, aneconomysuffering from business uncertainty,thanks to its pending departure from Europe's common market which also affectsthe future terms forCanada's trade.
On the other hand, the EU country that exports the most to Canada is Germany. Its economy hasoutperformedthe rest of Europe.
CBCNews asked Global Affairs Canada for evidence of CETA'seconomic impact to date.
It calculated import and export growth on a different basis, but still came up with a similar finding:merchandise exports are up 3.3 per cent, while imports are up 12.9 per cent for the Oct. 2017-July 2018 period, compared to the year before.
Improving trade a 'tough slog'
Mark Agnew, the director of international policy for the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, has been comparingthe rate of trade growth under CETAto Canada's global import and export growth.
"What stood out the most is that the rate of European import growth in Canada exceeded global import growth," he said, pinpointing how Europe may be now outperforming its competitors.
"On the flip side, the growth of Canadian exports [under CETA] lagged behind the global growth in Canadian exports," he added. Which suggestsCanada has more work to do.
A rise in European imports isn't necessarily a bad thing.
Consumers may enjoymore choice, orlower prices, now that tariffs have been cut. And Canadian businesses that use European suppliers may be more competitive.
How can Canada improve its trading relationship with Europe?
Tariffs are only one of the things that discouragetrade. Many non-tariff barriers to CanadaEU trade, like rules and regulations that don't match, remain in place.
International Trade Diversification Minister Jim Carr will host European Trade Commissioner CeciliaMalmstromin Montreal Sept. 26-27 for the first joint committee meeting onCETA'simplementation.
Of the 19 sub-committees Canada struck to deal with everything from motor vehicle regulations to professional qualifications to geographic indicators for agricultural products, six don't appear to have met yet, according to reports posted on the Global Affairs website.
Some of Canada's priority exports, like beef and pork, have been stalled by ongoing scientific reviews, as the two sides struggle to recognize each other's food safety rules.
"Trade promotion work is a tough slog," Agnew said. "It's not something that's quick and easy."
U.S. trade still dominant
Then there's the issue dominating Canada's trade agenda right now: our relationship with the United States, whichstill buys about three-quarters of Canada's exports.
"If you talk to our members, it's NAFTA that's taking up all the oxygen," Agnew said.
While the government may hopeto diversify its suite of trading partners, "it takes a bit longer to move that ship around for Canadian businesses," he said.
The European ratification process to finalize the full deal is still underway, with some countries, like Italy, still voicing concerns. Some Canadianbusinesses might hesitate to make a major European gambit as a result.
"It comes down to the Canadian mentality," saidJason Langrish, the executive director of theCanada Europe Roundtable for Business, an organization that haspushed for this deal from the beginning.
Canada talks a lot about diversification, but only a small number of Canadian businesses are truly global operators.By contrast,the Europeans are "hunters" when it comes to finding new markets. "They look for it," he said.
"We remain a fairly parochial place in the business world," he said. "Policy makers have been wringing their hands for years."
All the "cry wolf" moments and delays CETAfaced along its decade-long negotiation and ratification process haven't helped, Langrishsaid.
"People held off on decisions because it was announced falsely so many times," he said, referring to several announcements and signing ceremonies under the previous Conservative government that heraldedCETA's completion before it was really in place.
Diversifying beyond U.K.
Data provided by Global Affairs touted several hopeful signs for Canada.
One of CETA'sgoals was to penetrate new Europeanmarketsbeyond Canada'straditional trading relationship with the U.K.Canadian exports to other EU countries were up 6.9 per cent overall, compared to just 3.3 per cent when exports to Britain were factored in.
The fastest-growing exports, according to Global Affairs, are:
- Aluminum, showingexport growth of 206 per cent over this time period, driven by a huge jump innon-alloyed unwrought aluminum shipments. Canadian aluminum used to face a tariff of three per cent in the EU, and now enters tariff-free.
- Motor vehicles and parts, up 96 per cent, driven by increases in passenger vehicle imports. The EU's car tariffs phaseout slowly between now and 2024, but have already been cut from 10 pre-CETA to 7.5 per cent in 2018.
- Exports of inorganic chemicals, mineral fuels and oil (including crude oil) and pharmaceuticalsare also up. It's unclearhow much of thisgrowthis attributable to CETA because thesetariff rates were already at zero.
Export growth in cranberries and maple syrup two agricultural products that used to face significant tariffs but are now tariff-free was also strong, according to Global Affairs.
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