An indigenous guide to the 2015 federal election

Since Conservative Angus Mckaywho was Mtis became thefirst indigenous personelected to Canada's parliament in 1871, Indigenous Peoples have enteredthe realm of federal politics in increasing numbers.With the 42nd federal election almost coming to a close, here'sa brieflook at the party'sindigenous candidates, platforms and someridings to watch.

Who's running?

Between the Conservatives, Green Party, Liberals and NDP, a total of 54indigenous candidates are running in the 42nd federal election. That's up 23%from the 2011 election, when there were 31 indigenous candidates in those same parties.

Here are the candidates:

Conservative Party of Canada (CPC)

Leona Aglukkaq (Inuit) - Nunavut
Rob Clarke (Cree) - Desneth-Missinippi-Churchill River
Peter Penashue(Innu) - Labrador
Floyd Roland (Inuvialuit) - Northwest Territories

Green Party of Canada (GPC)

Terry Cormier (Mi'kmaq) - Long Range Mountains
Brandford Dean (Cree) -Lac-Saint-Louis
Roger Fleury (Algonquin) - Hull-Alymer
Richard Jacques (Cree/Algonquin) - Cariboo-Prince George
Fran Hunt-Jinnouchi (Kwakiutl/Quatsino) - Cowichan-Malahat-Langford
Ralph McLean (Mtis) -Edmonton Mill Woods
JeannieParnell (Carrier) - Skeena-Bulkley Valley
LorraineRekmans (Algonquin) -Leeds-Grenville-Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes
Brenda Sayers (Nuu-chah-nult) - North Island-Powell River
Sherri Springle(Aboriginal) - Avignon-La Mitis-Matane-Matapdia

Liberal Party of Canada (LPC)

Lisa Abbott (Cree) - Saskatoon West
Michle Audette (Innu) -Terrebonne
Della Anaquod (Saulteaux, Cree, Dakota) - Regina-Qu'appelle
Philippe Archambault (Mtis) - LanarkFrontenac-Kingston
Vance Badawey (Mtis)- Niagara Centre
Rebecca Chartrand (Anishinaabe, Mtis) -Churchill-Keewatinook Aski
Trisha Cowie (Aboriginal) - Parry Sound-Muskoka
Louis De Jaeger (Mtis) - Chilliwack-Hope
Yvonne Jones (Inuit) - Labrador
Lawrence Joseph (Cree) - Desneth-Missinippi-Churchill River
Michael McLeod (Mtis)- Northwest Territories
Robert-Falcon Ouellette (Cree) - Winnipeg Centre
Gary Parenteau (Mtis)- Lakeland
Don Rusnak (Anishinaabe) - Thunder Bay-Rainy River
Karley Scott (Mtis) - Central Okanagan-Similkameen-Nicola
Hunter Tootoo (Inuit) - Nunavut
Dan Vandal (Mtis) -Saint Boniface-Saint Vital
Jody Wilson-Raybould (Kwakwaka'wakw) - Vancouver Granville

New DemocraticParty of Canada (NDP)

Cameron Alexis(Nakota) -Peace River-Westlock
Jack Anawak (Inuit) - Nunavut
Melissa Atkinson (Tr'ondk Hwch'in) - Yukon
Fritz Bitz (Mtis) -Edmonton--Wetaskiwin
April Bourgeois (Mtis) - Regina-Wascana
Deborah Chief (Ojibway) - Selkirk-Interlake-Eastman
Chantal Crte (Mtis) Argenteuil Petite-Nation
Trent Derrick (Gitxsan) -Cariboo-Prince George
Kathi Dickie(Dene) -Prince George-Peace River-Northern Rockies
Jonathan Genest-Jourdain(Innu)- Manicouagan
Rex Isaac (Anishinaabe) - Lambton-Kent-Middlesex
Georgina Jolibois (Dene) - Desneth-Missinippi-Churchill River
Melody Lepine (Cree) -Fort McMurray-Cold Lake
Claudette Menchenton(Mi'kmaq)-Coast of Bays-Central-Notre Dame
Aaron Paquette (Cree) - Edmonton Manning
Edward Rudkowski(Inuit) Labrador
Romeo Saganash (Cree) - Abitibi-Baie-James-Nunavik--Eeyou
Katherine Swampy (Cree) - Battle River-Crowfoot
Carleen Thomas (Tsleil-Waututh) - North Vancouver
Nancy Tremblay (Abenaki) -Orlans
Melissa Wastasecoot (Cree) - Brandon-Souris
Duane Zaraska (Mtis) Lakeland

What are they offering Indigenous peoples?

Here's a look at indigenous-specific items being offered to indigenous voters.

• Read the political parties' 2015 platforms

Conservative Party

The Conservatives made little mention of indigenous peoples during their campaign, nor do the words Inuit,Mtis, First Nations or indigenous appear anywhere in their platform document.However, before the writ droppedthe party made some big ticket pledges (including in the most recent federal budget);

• $215 million to provide skills development and training for aboriginal peoples;
• $200 million forFirst Nations education and andschools;
• $30millionfor aland management scheme aimed at helping economic development on reserves.
• Review the 94 recommendations released by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
• Commit $567 million over five years to help build "stronger communities."
• $500 million toward building and renovating schools on reserves.

Green Party

Although Indigenous Peoples are mentioned and included throughout the Green Party's "Vision Green" there is a specific "Aboriginal policy." Here are some highlights of what the Green Party says MPs will do if elected:

• Implement the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
• Restore the $5.1 billion commitment and specifics of the Kelowna Accord.
• Work with aboriginal groups to create an Aboriginal Lands and Treaties Tribunal Act that deals with land claims, negotiations, etc.
• Immediately implement lands claims agreements already negotiated and that may have stalled due to lack of funding.
• Review all existing federal policies on self-government.
• Ensure that any self-government negotiations do not lead to extinguishment of aboriginal title and rights or assimilation.
• Fully implement the recommendations of the 1996 Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples.
• Removethe 2% funding cap on First Nation education and fully fundthe program back log ($424 million).
• Ensure that governments and corporations honor and abide by the Sparrow Decision (which recognizes the aboriginal right to fish) as well as theTsilhqot'in ruling, which recognizes aboriginal title.
• Negotiate and legislate primary hunting, fishing, trapping, and logging rights for aboriginal peoples on traditional lands.
• If pushed by First Nations, work to scrap the Indian Act.

Liberal Party

Much of what the Liberals are offering indigenous peoples is included in their "Real Change" platform document, under thesection,"United and Inclusive Canada." If they assume power, the party says a Liberal government will;

• Immediately lift the two per cent cap on funding for First Nations programs and services(which a Liberal government introduced in 1996)
• "Nation-to-nation talks" on improving gap in First Nations education.
• Initial funding of an extra $515milliona year for core education in First Nations schools (K to 12) for a total of $2.6 billionin new funding over four years.
• $500 million over 3 yearsfor education infrastructure
• Will work with provinces and territories on improving urban schools where FirstNationsare large sector of population.
• Additional $50 millionper year for post-secondary student support.
• Implement the Kelowna Accord "in a manner that meets today's challenges."
• New funding to support and enhance indigenous languages
• Ensure that First Nations have control over First Nations education.
• Equitable funding for child and family services on reserves.
• Immediately launch a national public inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls in Canada.
• Enact the 94 recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, including the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
• Repeal changes to the Elections Act that might make it harder for indigenous peoples to vote
• Development of a "Federal Reconciliation Framework" withmechanisms to resolve grievances associated with existing historical treaties and modern land-claims agreements.
• Conduct a full review of legislation unilaterally imposed on indigenous peoples by the Harper government.
• The Liberals also vow to begin a new nation-to-nation relationship with theMtis, including the settling of land claims and improving federal funding agreements for programs and services.
• While on a pre-campaign stop in Winnipeg, Liberal leader Justin Trudeau vowed to contribute the federal funding needed build a road for the Shoal Lake 40 First Nation.

NDP

NDP leader Tom Mulcair revealed most of theparty's pledges to indigenous peoples on Oct. 7, while attending the Assembly of First Nations meetings in Alberta. They are:

• Remove the 'punitive' twoper cent funding cap imposed and maintained by previous Liberal and Conservativegovernments.
• Increase investment in First Nations by $1.8 billion over the next four years and $4.8 billion over eight years based on an annual escalator.
• Improve critical infrastructure in indigenous communities, including clean water and sanitation facilities, with $375 million over four years.
• Provide $96 million over four years and long-term funding of $800 million over 20 years to support infrastructure projects.
• Call an inquiry into missing and murdered indigenous women within 100 days of taking office and provide $50 million to support it.
• Commit $68 million to revitalize indigenous languages.
• Improve health services available for indigenous people living in urban centres with an investment of $120 million.

Mulcairalso outlinedinitiatives he previously announced on the campaign trail that would indirectly affect indigenous people, including billions of dollars for affordable housing initiatives, a$100-million Mental Health and Innovation Fund for Children and Youth, which would include $5 million for a suicide prevention strategy for at-risk populations, of which First Nations, Mtis and Inuit are a part.

The NDP leader also reiterated a pledge he made during a campaign trip to Iqaluit,during which he promised that a New Democratic government would invest$32 million to improve and expand Nutrition North, which increases access to healthy and sustainable food for isolated northern communities.

Ridings to watch

Churchill-KeewatinookAski:Liberal indigenous candidate RebeccaChartrandwill attempt to unseat theNDPsNikiAshtonina northern Manitoba riding with a huge indigenous population.

Desneth-Missinippi-Churchill River:As it was in 2011, ariding where three candidates are indigenous. ConservativeIncumbent Rob Clarkewill defend his seat from candidates Lawrence Joseph (LPC)andGeorginaJolibois (NDP).

Kenora:Bob Nault, a former Liberal Minister of Indian Affairs, will attempt to unseat Conservative Greg Rickford. The NDP say they're going after this riding hard andare running Howard Hampton, a former partyadvisor for the Ring of Fire --aplanned chromite mining and smelting development.

Labrador: Peter Penashue (Innu) attempts to regain the riding for the Conservatives, after resigning in 2013 following a controversy over spending irregularities. Penashuelost a by-election to Liberal Yvonne Jones (Innu) that same year.

Madawaska-Restigouche: Home riding of Aboriginal Affairs minister Bernard Valcourt. Valcourt is being challenged byRene Arseneault (LPC) andRosaireL'Italien (NDP)

Nunavut: Incumbent Leona Aglukkaq(CPC) is defending her seat against two fellow Inuit challengers that include former MP Jack Anawak (NDP) and former long time MLA Hunter Tootoo (LPC).

Peace River-Westlock: Former Assembly of First Nations regional chief Cameron Alexis (NDP) attempts to take anewly formedriding that only came into effect during the 42nd federal election.

Vancouver-Granville: JodyWilson-Raybould, a regional chief for the Assembly of First Nations, is running in a newly formed riding.

Winnipeg Centre: Former Winnipegmayoral candidateRobert-Falcon Ouellette (LPC)will attempt to unseat long-time MP Pat Martin (NDP) in a riding where over 13,000 - or 20% - ofvoters are indigenous.