How federal parties plan to tackle homelessness, and what N.B. experts think could work

With tent encampments springing up in cities like Fredericton, Moncton and Saint John in recent years,homelessness has become difficult to ignore in New Brunswick.

And as cities in other provinces grapple with the same phenomenon,homelessness is now being addressed by federal parties as they pitch Canadians on how they plan to lead the country.

Threeparties that have already released campaign platforms have included specific details about stamping out homelessness, and a fourth has indicated it will be a priority if they form government after the Sept. 20 election.

Meanwhile, experts in academia and the shelter system in New Brunswick agreethe next federal government will have to play a significant role in addressing homelessness, and it's going to require building more affordable housing and providing steady funding for the organizations aimed at keeping people off the streets.

"This is a housing crisis that is 30 years in the making, and that will go on for quite some time in the absence of concerted government action from all levels of government to plug holes and fill gaps," said Matthew Hayes, professor of sociology at St. Thomas University in Fredericton.

Here's what the parties have said about their plan to combat homelessness.

Liberal Party:

The party's platform lumps a commitment to ending chronic homelessnesswith other housing priorities such as making it easier for people to buy homes, building more homes and protecting the rights of renters and homeowners.

In an email, Liberal Party spokesperson Alex Deslongchampspointed to what the party did in its last term, such as spending more than $70 billion in a National Housing Strategy to support the construction of up to 125,000 affordable homes.

Deslongchamps said since the strategy was launched, the Liberals committed to build 63,000 units of affordable housing and repair 126,000 units of existing community housing.

He also pointed to the Rapid Housing Initiative, aimed, he said, at addressing urgent housing needs for vulnerable Canadians.Deslongchamps said that while in power, the Liberals committed an additional $1.5 million to the already $1-billion program.

Conservative Party:

The party, in its platform, outlinedfour priorities it has for addressing homelessness, which include:

• Re-implementingthe "housing first" approach to aid in the fight against Canada's addictions crisis.
• Revising the federal government's substance abuse policy framework to make recovery its overarching goal.
• Investing $325 million over three years to create 1,000 residential drug treatment beds and build 50 recovery community centres across the country.
• Supporting approaches to addressing the crises of mental health challenges and addiction, such as land-based treatment programs developed and managed by Indigenous communities.

The Conservative Party's platform also says it would implement a plan to build a million homes in the next three years to tackle Canada's "housing crisis."

New Democratic Party:

In its platform, the New Democratic Party says a core component of its goal to ending poverty in Canadais to fully implement a "right to housing" strategy, with a goal of ending homelessness within 10 years.

The party says its affordable housing strategy will include measures to support Canadians at risk of becoming homeless, and to help people find affordable housing in the long-term, along with thecreation of more social housing.

The party also says that to deliver help to those most vulnerable right away, it will work with provinces and municipalities to fast-track the purchase, lease and conversion of hotels and motels for emergency housing relief until more permanent community-based solutions are available.

Green Party:

The Green Party hasn't yet released its platform, but spokesperson Rosie Emery pointed to statements the party made earlier this year, calling on the government to:

• Recognize housing unaffordability and homelessness as twin national crises.
• Redefine affordable housing using an updated formula enhance the Canada Housing Benefit.
• Strengthen regulation of foreign investment in residential real estate.
• Create an "empty home" tax for foreign and corporate residential property owners who leave buildings and units vacant.
• Prioritize funding for non-profit and cooperative housing.

More aggressive housing strategy needed

Hayes said afterthe Second World War, the federal government took an aggressive approach to constructing affordable housing.

That, however, stopped in the 1980's, and has led to a shortage in affordable housing, he said.

And while the federal government reintroduced a national housing strategy in 2018 to combat homelessness, he said it's not as aggressive as previous strategies seenbefore the 1970's.

"The national housing strategy now is by comparison, very, very timid relative to what it used to be. And so that has left a gap for people who are on low income," Hayes said.

"So as people are experiencing vulnerability, they're also doing so in a context in which there are very few affordable housing options, and some more of those people are finding themselves in situations of homelessness."

Steady funding for homeless shelters

Warren Maddox, executive director of Fredericton Homeless Shelters Inc., said he's seen the number of homeless people in the capital city increase in recent years.

This summer, he estimates there are about 60 living in shelters, and about 40 living in tents and other places outdoors.

From what he's observed from trying to house people in permanent accommodations, he said there's a shortage of apartments of all sizes in the city, which needs to be addressed through the creation of more affordable housing.

He also thinks better lines of communication need to be struck between the federal government and the province and municipalities forsteady funding for organizations like the one he runs.

"Most of the shelters... in Canada now are housing-focused shelters so we're working on support, we're working on connections, we're working on mental health issues. We're working on addiction issues," Maddox said.

"So we're a lot more than just beds and heads it's a much more involved thing, so having sort of that core... operational funding from the federal government would be wonderful."

Implementing universal basic income

A universal basic income is a tool that's been piloted in parts of Canada with results suggesting ithelps liftrecipients out of poverty and makesthemhealthier.

And a universal basic income could be the solution to homelessness by giving thousands of families a leg up,and cutting down on the proportion of income they must spend on their rent, said Eric Weissman, aprofessor at the University of New Brunswick Saint John who focuses on homelessness, housing and social policy.

"Also, for some people, it'll provide them the money they need to put a down payment on a home," Weissman said.

"So I think [universal basic income]across the board is a great idea."

Weissman also thinks the next federal government needs to focus on building more apartmentsthat areaffordable to people specific to where they live.

"The solution is building units, nice units, respectable units where people want to live, that are affordable to them, or providing it to them at no cost.

"I mean, this is, we live in a country that has more than enough wealth to build socially supportedhousing."