Weight bias in health-care has 'crushing' impact, says patient

Theresa Babb was12 when a birthday gift from a doctor broke her spirit.

Doctors were trying to determine why the pre-teen was overweight. A hospital stay in Halifaxcoincided with her birthday.

With aflu making the rounds, visitors weren't allowed to enter the hospital. A doctor gave her a birthday card that had an elephant on the front.

"I think that's when, as a child, I recognized and understood that I was never going to get any help," said Babb, now in her 60s. "Didn't matter where I went, who I spoke with. That just continued on for the rest of my life."

Whether it was a doctor who remarked that her hiking boots were just "for show," or a doctor who asked if she was going to get a fat bike when she expressed an interest in cycling,Babb has encountered weight bias many times.

In a health-care setting, thishappens when the provider holds negative thoughts or incorrect beliefs about weight, which either unintentionally or intentionallyimpacts the quality of care they provide.

Some of these beliefs could be that obesity is a personal choice, or that obese people are lazy or gluttonous.

A recent Public Health Agency of Canada report says Babb is not alone in the experiences she's had. It found that after adjusting for sex, income and other characteristics, higher-weight people were "significantly more likely" to report discrimination in health care.

"It's just so crushing," said Babb, a Dartmouth, N.S., resident.

"You know, that's the only word that I can think of when I think about how many times I've left a doctor's office just feeling even worse about myself than I did when I went in."

The report notes that weight bias is associated with adverse physiological and psychological outcomes.

"Consequences of weight stigma may include avoidance of medical care, provider distrust, medication nonadherence, disordered eating, physical inactivity and poorer mentalhealth," says the report.

Dr. Michael Mindrum, who practises medicine in Nova Scotia's Annapolis Valley, recently wrote a blog post about weight bias and discussedinstances where he's been guilty of it.

"I'm sure I've said words that were not the best in the past, despite good intentions," he told CBC News.

Mindrum said the curriculum in medical school didn't examine the science behind obesity, and his residency didn't provide further insight. He learned about it through going to conferences and talks.

The science behind obesity

Mindrum said weight is regulated in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus.

"It's genetically conferred. It's a disease that exists in a deep structure in the brain that regulates our appetite as it interacts with an environment that is prone to causing obesity in those that have genetic susceptibility, so all this really is beyond an individual's control," he said.

He saidthe hypothalamus also regulates other vital functions, such asbody temperature, thirst and thyroid function.

Mindrum said that while things such as behaviour change, nutrition and movement can lead to weight loss, they're just part of the solution.

He wants to see an overhaul in how obesity care is provided in Nova Scotia, including additional supportfor obesity medication which isn't covered by pharmacareand bariatric surgery.

Mindrum said bariatric surgery reduces the risks of dying and heart failure,and can make Type 2 diabetes go into remission and reduce blood pressure.

He said increasing access for bariatric surgery would pay for itself. He views it as an essential surgery.

Weight bias results in people not seeking care

Mindrum said overhauling obesity care also means making more subtle changes in health-care environments, such as havinglarger chairs and gowns at hospitals.

"Patients don't feel welcome when they don't feel cared fororthrough the language that we useand many will avoid care, and that's the last thing we really want," he said.

Babb said there have been times where she avoided seeing a doctor because she was worried about how they would make her feel.

Through the help of a new doctor, medicationand other lifestyle changes, Babb has dropped 150 pounds in recent years.

"What works is having a physician who supports you and does everything that they can to understand what it is that you're experiencing," she said.

Treatment in Nova Scotia

Earlier this year, Mindrum wrote to officials including Premier Tim Houston and Health Minister Michelle Thompson. He outlined his concerns about obesity care in the province andalso offered to help create a provincial obesity care strategy.

Tanya Penney, a senior executive director with the Department of Health and Wellness, replied. She wrote that obesity is a chronic disease that requires attention.

As part of Nova Scotia Health's "focus on wellness, risk factor management, and prevention, its Primary HealthCare team has made wellness programming available across the province for all Nova Scotians wishing to access it. Programs focus on many areas of wellness, including physical activity, food nutrition and weight management," she wrote.

The letter also noted that Nova Scotia Health's Obesity Network oversees resource planning for obesity services and offers information for services and treatment. It can be reached by phone on Tuesdays and Thursdays by phone at 902-473-4672.

'Grossly inappropriate' wait time for bariatric surgery

Dr. Tom Ransom is the medical director of the bariatric surgery program with the Halifax Obesity Network.

"We really need to work on education, from the policymakers to physicians to the general public, that obesity is a disease and the patients aren't to blame, and there are treatments that our patients deserve and this should be supported," he said.

Ransom said that an obese person needing bariatric surgery in Nova Scotia would get a letter telling them the wait list for surgery is eight to 10 years, a timeline Ransom called "grossly inappropriate."

For the waiting patient, this might result in additional health complications, such as diabetes, sleep apnea and osteoarthritis, as well as the inability to work.

"I see this day in and day out, people suffering with a curable, a treatable disease," he said.