Court docs shed light on Eastway Tank disaster but mysteries remain

New detailsemergedabout the likely cause ofa fatalexplosion and fire atEastway Tank, Pump and Metermore than two years ago whenthe company and its owner pleaded guilty to breaching Ontario's Occupational Health and Safety Act.

On Friday,Justice Mitch Hoffmanimposed $850,000 in fines and fees the highest in Ontario's history for a company of thatsize onEastway and its owner Neil Greene for the January2022 deaths of six employees.

Rick Bastien, Etienne Mabiala, Danny Beale, Kayla Ferguson and Russell McLellan all died in the blast.

Matt Kearney died in hospital the next day,while aseventh employee,Tanner Clement, was severely injured.

The court documents outline some of what happened that fateful day although some elements, like what caused flammable vapours to ignite, remain a mystery.

The incident

According to an agreed statement of fact, on Jan. 13, 2022, workers had been conducting a "wet test" in the fabrication shop on a new tanker truckthatwas havingfuel put into itstank for the first time.

Wet tests aredone to check a tank for leaks and to calibrate the equipment inside. The statement said they'dbeen performedat Eastwaydozens of times a year for decades,both inside the shop and outside.

Between about 1:20 and 1:30 p.m. that day,flammable vapours near one of twotanker trucks in the shop ignited and exploded.

Seconds later, there was an even bigger explosion that caused the roof to collapse, killingBastien, Ferguson, Beale,Mabiala andMcLellan.

Meanwhile, Kearney and Clement were near the front entrance of the shop and "caught fire following the explosion," the statement of fact said.

By1:31 p.m., fire crews had arrived on scene. Three Eastway employees, including Clement and Kearney, were rushed to hospital.

It took sevenand a half hours for crewsto get the fire under control.

How did it happen?

In areport completed last November, theOffice of theFire Marshal (OFM) outlined howit believedgasoline vapours had developed"in or near the tanker compartment [of the truck being tested] above the hatch, or through a leak in the system or from a spill."

It found the diesel fuel used in the wet test had been contaminated with gasoline. The vapours from that gasolinethen built up in the shopand were ignited.

According to the statement of fact, the fuel had beencontaminated earlier that morning or onJan. 12, the day before the explosion.

On Jan. 12an Eastway worker had pumped between 1,500 and 1,600 litres of diesel fuel into a different truck parked outside to test it for leaks.

According to the statement of fact, at some point after that test was completed, more fuel was added the document does not say by who and that additional fuel included"highly flammable" gasoline.

Some of the now-contaminated fuel was then pumped into the fabrication shop, the court documents said,to be used for the wet test on the other truck on Jan. 13.

"The use of even very small amounts of gasoline in a wet test would pose fire and explosion hazards," the agreed statement of fact said.

Whatultimately caused the vapoursto ignite that day remains unknown.

Fire investigators had to piece togetherwhat they could from the aftermath of ascene where evidence was destroyedbecause of the explosions andthe resulting fire.

'A sad situation'

Wet testsinvolveloading a tanker with either air or some liquid, according to Chris Revers,plant manager at Jasper Tank,a tanker manufacturing facility inthe Edmonton area.

Revershas 23 years experience in the industry. He was not involved in the case, butreviewed the court's agreed statement of fact.

"It's just a sad situation," he told CBC.

While the industry is highly regulated falling under Transport Canada and itsrules around the transportation of dangerous goods what happened at Eastway shows companies shouldbettermanage how they mix their products, Revers said.

According to Revers, while air is great for testing for leaks, it's not so great when trying to calibrateequipment that's both specificallydesigned not to allow air inand ultimately will have fluid running through itscomponents.

BecauseEastway's tankersare used for diesel or gasoline, water can't be used, either.

Water could never be completely removed from all the parts of the tanker, Revers said, and it doesn't mix withdiesel or gasoline when it comes to the end goal having fuel run througha truck, car or other piece of equipment.

Any leftover watercould damage the engine, Revers said, and potentially make itexpensive to fix.

Revers said the safest way to do a wet test for a truck designed to eventually carry diesel or gasoline would be to first add the diesel to the tank, do the calibrations, remove the diesel and only then add the gasoline.

But contaminating diesel with gasoline "can easily happen if an employee's not paying attention," Reverssaid.

If gasoline is added when there'sstill diesel anywhere in the truck, all it takes is someone hitting one of severalswitches on the truck and the two liquids mix.

"It is possible that's probably what happened," he said. "Orsomeone noticed they made a mistake and didn't say anything and returned that product back to the storage tank.

"That happens. We'rehumans. People are afraid to get in trouble."

Diesel and gas don't mix

While diesel has a flash point the temperature at which acompound'svapours ignite if given an ignition source that's around 65 C, much higher than normal working conditions. Gasoline's flash point is much lower.

The OFM found that the contaminated fuel that remained in the outdoor truck after the explosion had a flash point "well below the ambient building temperatures in Eastway."

Those ambient temperatures were estimated by a witness to be about10 C at floor level and 20 C near the ceiling,according to the statement of fact.

Even though investigators couldn'tpinpoint exactly what caused the vapours to ignite,the agreed statement of fact suggests there were several possibilities, Revers said.

Oneinvolved Eastwayemployees who were conducting electrical tests and working on a meter, he said.

"Bolts are metallic. Meters are metallic. Maybe we create a spark," Revers said.

While itappearedEastway had proper policies in place, Revers said accidents can happen if people don't follow them.

"We become complacent in our duties because we've done it so many times, and people cut corners."