In the trenches of Vimy Ridge

Visiting the trenches.

Each year thousands of touristsvisit the Canadian National Vimy Memorial in France and tour the First World War tunnels and trenches.The trencheswere muddy, wet and rat-infested during the war, but today parts have been reinforced with concrete to be preserved for tourists.

Experiencinghistory first-hand.

Many student groups also visit the memorial. While there, they learn that the Canadian and German trenches at Vimy Ridge were only about 45 metres apart so close soldiers could hear each other on quiet nights.

Firing positions.

Canadian trenches had various lookout and firing positions that allowed soldiers to see German lines and trenches. Now tourists and students canstep and up see the view and how close they were to enemy lines.

Vimy'sbattle scars.

Shell craters and pockmarked battle scars are still visible at Vimy Ridge, but tourists can't get close, because much of the area is off limits, not only to preserve the landscape, but because active landmines are still underneath the grass.

Escaping enemy fire.

Vimy's rolling craters may look pastoral now, but they were wet, muddy holes during the war. Some holes were so deep that some soldiers drowned in the mud when trying to escape enemy fire.

In the 'subway.'

Although it was considered an impressive engineering feat back then, many of these underground tunnels, or "subways,"have collapsed or are unsafe to use today. However, the Grange subway tunnel is partially open for visitors.

Soliders' bunkers.

The tunnels were often where some of the soldiers would sleep, but surviving diary entries from the night before the battle suggest most men were unable to sleep, contemplating what they were to face the next morning.

Preparing for battle.

The Vimy Ridge underground tunnels also had small rooms where the officers would sleep and plan the battles above, but today they contain reconstructed furniture from the era. The tunnels also contained ammunition storage and communication centres.

Final resting place.

Canada No. 2 Cemetery has the graves of 3,000 Canadian soldiers some as young as 16 and 17. This is just one of many cemeteries that dot the French countryside.

Grave of a young soldier.

W.H. Collyer died at Vimy Ridge at 17. The legal age to join the Canadian army was 18, so he would have lied about his age in order to enter the fight.

A place for reflection.

The Vimy Memorial was designed by Canadian architect Walter Seymour Allward and took 11 years to construct. It is often a quiet place, even when there are many visitors, as it really is a place of reflection.

Names of the dead.

There are 11,285 names carved into the monument, all Canadians who died during the Great War but who have no known resting place. The names are those still found across Canada today.

Remembering those lost.

Generations later, relatives visit the monument to find the names of their descendants and leave wooden crosses or small mementos.

'Mourningher fallen sons.'

"Canada Bereft"is the largest statue at the front of the memorial and is said to depict "Canada mourning her fallen sons." Its inscription reads: "To the valour of their countrymen in the Great War and in memory of their sixty thousand dead this monument is raised by the people of Canada."

Vimy Monument at night.

When the Vimy Monument is lit up at night, its lights are timed to turn on automatically with the celestial clock.