What does COVID-19 mean for your civil liberties? Watchdog group on alert
PM says when it comes to enforcing self-isolation rules, 'nothing that could help is off the table'
When it comes to enforcing self-isolation rules during the COVID-19 outbreak, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau saidnothing that could help is "off the table" but a civil liberties watchdog is on guard to make sure democracy is not compromised in the process.
As states of emergency have been declared one after another throughout Canada, governments now have more powers than they would on a normal day.
"Emergency measures acts give governments exceptional powers to deal with exceptional circumstances," said Brenda McPhail, the director of the privacy technology surveillance project at the Canadian Civil Liberties Association.
"But with those exceptional powers, just like the comic book, comes an exceptional responsibility to the public."
Recommendations becoming orders
In Ontario, under the Emergency Management and Civil Protection Act, the province can issue orders such as the one thatdeclared the mandatory closure of non-essential businesses, and the one prohibiting gatherings of more than 50 people at a time. Both of theseare enforceable by police.
In Quebec, under the Public Health Act, police arrested a woman who tested positive for the coronavirus after she went out for a walk, violating a quarantine order.
McPhail explained that while governments now have significantly more power, "It's not free rein," and they still need to be transparent and accountable to the public.
She added there's been an escalation over the past few weeks, withthe government first requesting certain behaviours from the public, before it implementspenalties if peopledon't comply.
'Nothing that could help is off the table'
This happened when the federal government invoked the Quarantine Act on Wednesday. Under the act, if you come into Canada from another country, you are now under a legal obligation to quarantine for 14 days, and there are penalties if you don't.
The act gives the health minister the power to designate quarantine zones and fine or jail travellers who disobey. On Thursday, Chief Public Health Officer Theresa Tam explained that travellers returning to Canada will be subject to random checks to ensure they are self-isolating.
Essential workers are exempt from these rules.
This cameafter a stern warning from Health Minister Patty HajdulastSaturday. She said thatCanadians defying self-isolation orders could "put our civil liberties in jeopardy."
And on Monday, Trudeau said, "Enough is enough," as he urged Canadians to stay home.
"We're going to make sure this happens whetherby educating people more on the risks, or by enforcing the rules, if that's needed. Nothing that could help is off the table," Trudeau warned.
But McPhail said, when it comes to civil liberties, there are certain "incursions" into our rights and freedoms that absolutely should be off the table.
"That's not to say that we should be afraid to find interesting, innovative ways to use technology and data in ways that are constrained and necessary and proportionate to help us solve some of the problems raised by this global health crisis," she said.
"But along with the ability to do that, we have to have the assurance that our governments are going to take our rights into account as part of the balancing process that needs to happen."
The Federal Emergencies Act is anotheroption the government could employ. This would empower Ottawa to do just about anything it thinks is necessary to cope with the crisis. Trudeau has said there's no need for that measure yet.
Smartphone data tracking used abroad
Moving forward, Trudeau has also left the door open to using smartphone data to track compliance with pandemic rules. This is an approach already being used in Italy and Germany.
When Trudeau was asked about it this week, he said it's not something the government is looking at right now, but then reiterated thatall options are on the table to do what's necessary to keep Canadians safe during "exceptional times."
The issue was also brought to light after the mayor of Toronto mused about the use ofcellphone data. However,the City of Toronto has since said it is not and will not be collecting cellphone location data.
CBCNews reached out Windsor Mayor Drew Dilkens's office to inquire if this is something being considered locally.
The mayor's chief of staff, AndrewTeliszewsky, did not answer the question directly, but said in a statement that the mayor has been monitoring the situation and has been in close contact with police aboutthe implementation of various orders and recommendations. The statement said that most residents are taking it seriously and following the appropriate advice.
"Asthe federal and provincial government continue to implement strict orders and recommendations, we will continue to monitor the impact on our community," the statement went on to say.
Conversations around this possibilityare concerning forUniversity of Windsor law professor Kristen Thomasen, who is also an expert on privacy law.
"I would hope that any entity, like whether it'sthe City of Toronto, the City of Windsor anyone who's thinking about doing this sort of tracking is really thinking hard at being very transparent about what kind of restraints will be in place so that people can assess whether this is something that we legitimately want to see in society," she said.
"There's also always the risk too that we see a surveillance infrastructure or surveillance mechanisms that are set up in an exceptional circumstance like this one, but then aren't disabled when the pandemic is over, when we don't have these public health concerns anywhere and that the surveillance continues anyways," Thomasen said.
'Cautiously optimistic'
McPhail said her organization is on alert and watching to make sure decisions are made transparently.
"We have to remember that civil liberties and public health are not opposed, and the best solutions for public health are going to be the ones that are optimized to ... provide both public good in terms of health protections, and provide public good in terms of protecting the rights and freedoms that we deserve as humans," McPhail said.
"What we need to keep in mind is that even in extraordinary times, the ordinary values that hold us together as people who live in Ontario are what is going to see us through this kind of situation. It would be a tragedy if what we lose in this pandemic is not just the health of our economy and the health of our population, but also the health of our democracy."
So far, McPhailsaid governments have been moving carefully, drawing onscience, and providing rationalizations and justifications as decisions are being made.
For now, she's "cautiously optimistic" democracy is winning.
With files from Raisa Patel, Catharine Tunney & John Paul Tasker
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