March break vacation: 10 tips for staying healthy at resorts

Canadians love the Caribbean: Theymade almost 3.5 million visits to Mexico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic and the Bahamas in2014, the most recent year for which Statistics Canada data is available.

Still, even luxury resorts can carry a few common health risks.If you're getting ready to hit the beaches during March break next week, here are 10 tips to keep you healthy under the sun:

1. Careful with food and water

Food- and water-borne illnesses are the single biggest health risks to travellers, says Dr. Jay Keystone, medical director at MedisysTravel in Toronto. He recommends avoiding tap water and ice cubes at resorts, as well as salads,food from street vendors and unpasteurized dairy products.

"You're going to be at some risk, no matter what you do," says Keystone. But proper hygiene, especially washing your hands or using hand sanitizerbefore meals, can help mitigate that risk.

2. Make sure you've been vaccinated

Hepatitis A and B are the key vaccinations for travellers to the Caribbean, according to Keystone. Hepatitis A is transmitted through contaminated food and water, while Hepatitis B can be transmitted through unsterilized injections or sexual contact. Typhoid is another vaccine option, although it's less likely to be required for travel to a resort.

Some travellers also choose to get an oral vaccine called Dukoral, which protects against enterotoxigenicE. coli (ETEC), a common cause of bacterial diarrhea.

Although a malaria vaccine was recently approved in Europe, it's not yet available in Canada.Malaria pills are an option, although Keystone says they're more necessary fortravellers to remote areas especially new Canadians returning to their home country to visit friends and relatives.

3. Keep mosquitosaway

Anti-mosquito measures can help protect against tropicaldiseaseslike malaria, zika, chikungunya or dengue not to mention secondary skin infections caused by scratching.

Vacationers are at less risk from mosquito-borne diseaseat high-end resorts, which tend to spray surrounding areas for mosquitos, saysAssuntaUffer-Marcolongo, president of the non-profit International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers.

"As soon as you go outside [the resort], naturally you're more at risk," says Uffer-Marcolongo.

Keystone notes it's important to put on insect repellentafterapplying your sunscreen or risk the double indignity ofitchy bug bites on top of a sunburn.

4. Keep it clean

Food-borne illness isn't the only health threat that can bemitigated by good hygiene.

Even pristine Caribbean beaches can carry the risk ofcutaneous larva migrans,parasites that live instray dogs and cats. Those parasites can be transmitted to human skin through the sand, by way of animal feces.

"When you come back from the beach, you actually should shower and vigorously wash yourself with lots of soap,"suggests IAMAT'sAssuntaUffer-Marcolongo.

5. Stay safe on roads

"The No. 1 cause of death among travellers is motor vehicle accidents," warns Keystone. He recommends staying off motorcycles and mopeds entirely, and avoiding travel on rural roads after dark.

"It doesn't matter who your driver is," says Keystone. "You can have an excellent driver, but it's the guy coming the other way who's going to knock you off [the road]."

AssuntaUffer-Marcolongoof IAMATsuggests that travellers who want to leave the resort ask hotel staff to provide them with a recommended driver.

6. Practice safe sex

Between sunny days and sandy beaches not to mention the open bar it's always possible that a resort vacation can turn romantic, and that carries its own set of risks.

"Fifty per cent of travellers who have sex with a new partner did not expect to have sex, meaning they're not prepared," says Keystone.He recommends all travellers bring condoms, even if they don't anticipate sex during their vacation.

7. Bring basic medical supplies

You don't need to bring a surgical kit with you to Montego Bay, but a few well-chosen supplies couldn't hurt. Keystone recommends a short list of basics:

• Medications for diarrhea and constipation.
• Bandages and a topical antibiotic.
• Pain medication.
• Something to treat sunburn.

8. Know your options for local doctors

If you do get sick at a resort, you might end up going to the in-house medical clinic. The doctors there might not necessarily be top-grade, warns Uffer-Marcolongo. "In small resorts, it might be the cousin of the owner."

If you need medical care outside the resort, IAMAToffers its membersa list of recommended doctors in various countries. In an emergency,Uffer-Marcolongo recommends going to hospitals in big cities, especially university teaching hospitals, if possible.

9. Look for red flags in online reviews

It's not hard to find online reviews of popular resorts, and those reviews can sometimes offer insight into recurring health problems at a particular location.

"One or two bad reviews, I ignore," says Keystone. But he recommends keeping an eye out for a pattern of reviews complaining about the same issue.

10. Get travel insurance, understand it

"I'm all for travel insurance, but read the details," Uffer-Marcolongo advises. Elderly travellers can be ineligible for insurance, as can people with a wide variety of pre-existing medical conditions. IAMAT offers a guide to choosing the best insurance for your trip: