$2B needed for 'immediate' fixes to First Nations schools, bureaucrats say

The federal Indigenous Affairs Department says it needs at least $2 billion to fix 115 First Nations schools that require "immediate attention," according to documents tabled in the House of Commons.

The Liberal government committed half that amount of money over five years in the last budget, andearmarked it forupgrades across the entire school system. The funds will notnecessarily be directedtowardthe schools most in need of repairs causingsome observers to warn there could be a funding crunch that wouldleave some crucial fixes left unfunded.

The new money is also heavily back-loaded, with nearly 40 per cent pegged to rollout after the next election. There is no guarantee a new government would make the same spending commitments.

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The Liberal spending pledge is on top of "base" infrastructure funding, which is pegged at roughly $300 million for each of the next two fiscal years.

NDP MP Charlie Angus said that the department is likely low-balling the price tag.

"These are not educators making funding decisions, they do not come from the education system. These are bean counters in Ottawa," he said in an interview with CBC News. "You cannot trust this department to actually put a serious cost figure on what it will take to ensure safe and comfy schools for children. They've never made it a priority in the past."

While the department recently unveiled a new school in the remote northern Ontario First Nation ofPikangikum nearly10 years after their last school burned to the groundothers have not been so lucky, turning to makeshift fixes in the midst of pressing problems.

Barriere Lake First Nation, an Algonquin community in western Quebec, has been battling persistent mould problems at its school for years. An environmentalassessment recommended the school be condemned, but the mould was simply painted over.

The problem recently intensifiedwith the mould becoming very smelly and the72 school children had to be moved tofourtemporary classrooms while they await repairs.

Health and safety deficiencies

The department's warning that it needs $2 billion to make urgent repairs comes after its recently completed inspections ofFirst Nations schools across the country.

Itfoundmore than half of the 439 schoolssurveyed had at least one example of a "health or safety deficiency," according to anorder paper question.

A "deficiency" is a term thatcovers a range of problems from major repairs like crumbling foundationsto installing downspouts to prevent flooding.

Some schools are facing a particularly large backlog of deficiencies, notably St. Andrew's Elementary School inKashechewan in northern Ontario, where 19 infractions have recently beenrecorded. (The roof has been leaking for years.)

Of all the schools surveyed, 61 per cent are in "good" condition, three per cent are "poor," while the remainingare classified as "fair."Only five "priority"schoolconstruction or repairprojects wereapproved in 2015-16, according to the order paper question. There are 515 schools on-reserve, meaning76 were not inspected in this audit.

Angus said that the standards for First Nations schoolsare less stringent than those for provincial school systems.

Grading the Gap

CBC News is investigating the quality of First Nations education on-and off-reserve in the wake of the federal Liberal government's pledge to spend $2.6 billion over five years on kindergarten to Grade12.

• Follow our Grading the Gapcoverage onCBCNews.ca, CBC Radio One, CBC News Network andThe National.
• Read stories about students on our interactive page:Grading the Gap

A spokesperson for the department said the government is committed to improvingeducation infrastructure in First Nations communities, and the$969.4-million investment included in the 2016 budget isan important first step.

"An essential component of a student's education is having a safe and healthy place in which to learn," the department said in an emailed statement to CBC News."The government of Canada is committed to investing in the building and refurbishing of First Nation schools to help improve educational outcomes for First Nation students."

Lapsed funding

The shortage of First Nations education funding is exacerbated by the department's past reliance on moving money out of infrastructure to plug other holes in social spending or leaving the money off the books entirely.

The former Harper government committed $843.8 million between 2012-13 and 2014-15 for First Nations school infrastructure, with some of that money coming from itsBuilding Canada fund.

But according to the department's order paper response, only $700.6 million actually made it out the door, orroughly 30 per cent less than budgeted.

"Monies are promised all the time, but the money just isn't spent," Angus said in an interview. "What is really disturbing is that, in any given year, about $100 million is clawed back and spent on other priorities. This is what really speaks to what a non-system it is, what systematic failure looks like."

The financial data for 2015-16 iscurrently not available.

The difference between planned and actual spending "primarily reflects reallocations to address pressures in other programs, notablysocial development," bureaucrats explain in the recent order paper question.

This has been a frequent accounting practice in the departmentsinceformer finance minister Paul Martin imposed atwo per cent cap on annual spending increasesin the1990s.

Over the last 10 years,approximately $720 millionin First Nationsinfrastructure moneyhas beenreallocated, according to departmental documents obtained by CBC News under Access to Information.

Bureaucrats have long warned that this has made an already dire situation worse.

"While this is helping to cover some of the pressures of social and education programs, it is putting increased pressure on already inadequate infrastructure funding," public servants wrote in a January 2013 briefing note on this issue. "The gap between current identified need and available resources is so vast that even with a significant increase in the escalator, the current gap remains."

"Social, education and infrastructure outcomes for people living on reserve are not comparable to those living off reserve. The gap in outcomes between people on reserve versus off reserve has widened significantly," the bureaucrats said.