Ottawa says it's making Canada's largest ever investment in protecting fresh water

The federal government says it's making Canada'slargest investment ever in protecting the nation's sources of fresh water includingthe Great Lakes.

Commitments announced by the government during U.S. President Joe Biden's visit and in the recentbudget bring the federal government's total investment to $750 million, saidEnvironment Minister Steven Guilbeault.

"[It brings] us very close to our commitment to invest $1 billion...in this mandate. So we're not quite there yet," he told CBC News.

The government announced during Biden's visit it willbe spending $420 million to clean up and restore the Great Lakes. That money is part of the $750 million total.

During the 2021 election campaign, the Liberals committed to spending more than $1 billion over ten years to protect and restore freshwater bodies, including rivers, large lakes and the Great Lakes.

Last week'sbudget earmarked $650 million over ten years for the Fraser River, the Mackenzie River, Lake Winnipeg, the Lake of the Woods, Lake Simcoe, the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes.

The money is intended tosupport monitoring, assessmentand restoration work,to prevent the release of harmful chemicals and toreduce the frequency ofalgae blooms.

Canada's freshwater sourcesface ongoing threats fromplastic and toxic chemical pollution, algae blooms from excessive agricultural fertilizer runoff, andinvasive species. In the Prairies, they're threatened by shrinkingglaciers and drought.

These threats affect plant and aquatic life and the communities that rely on these bodies of water for drinking water and recreation. Canada is home to 20 per cent of the planet's supply offresh water;Guilbeault said Canada hasn't always lived up to the responsibility.

And he admits Canada needs to catch up to U.S.investmentsin freshwater source protection and restoration.

"[The Americans] have, in the past few years, made very significant investments early in the Great Lakes," Guilbeault said. "We had made the commitment to invest more."

Michelle Woodhouse, program manager for water at Environmental Defence, agreed Canada needs to match U.S. efforts to protect the Great Lakes.

"Very fair to say we have been lagging behind," she said, "It has been decades of chronic underfunding."

According to calculations by environmental groups, the United States has invested $3.8 billionUS in the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative since 2010. By comparison, the Canadian government has allocated $44.84 million to the Great Lakes Protection Initiative. Even on a per capita basis, Canada is trailing.

Environmental groups and U.S. mayors applauded Canada's funding commitment, despite the gap.

"Representing an international border community on the shoreline of the Great Lakes, I am thrilled to see this kind of cooperation and coordination between the U.S. and Canadian governments to enhance the health of the Great Lakes," said Detroit Mayor Mike Dugganin a statement from the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Cities Initiative.

The Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) manages the nine watersheds that run through the Greater Toronto Area.

In 1987, the Toronto waterfront was namedas one of42 areas of concern by the International Joint Commission. The IJC is a bi-national commission established by Canada and the U.S. to regulatecross-borderprojects that affect water bodies along the border.The IJC identifies "areas of concern" as locations within the Great Lakes that have experienced high levels of environmental damage.

Since then, the TRCA has been working to clean up Lake Ontario. Although it has made progress, it still has to close beaches occasionally and deal with algae blooms and concerns about wildlife habitat. The TRCAalso maintainsrestrictions on fish consumption.

Namrata Shrestha, a senior manager at the TRCA, said investments by the federal government are welcome.

"We do have a lot of issues with our Great Lake system, especially Lake Ontario," Shrestha said. "There a lot of issues on water quality and its implications on not just the ecosystem per se but also the cascade effect of it, ofwhat that means for us as a community."

The Toronto waterfrontis among 12 of14Canadian areas of concern that Environment and Climate Change Canadais promising to clean up by 2030. The department says that over the next decade,it will focus on thefollowing contaminated or degraded areas:

• Thunder Bay
• Nipigon Bay
• Peninsula Harbour
• St. Mary's River
• St. Clair River
• Detroit River
• Niagara River
• Hamilton Harbour
• Toronto and region
• Bay of Quinte
• St Lawrence River

Three Canadian areas of concern have already been restored and delisted:Collingwood Harbour, Severn Sound and Wheatley Harbour.