Moon Landing 50th: CBC News takes you inside the landmark mission and its impact

This story is part of Moon Landing: 50th Anniversary, a series from CBC News examining how far we've come since the first humans landed on the moon.

Themoon landing in 1969 captured the world'simagination andkick-starteda new era ofdiscovery.

"It's one of the most important events not only in the history of the United Statesor the history of the Western world, but in the history of humanity," said Andrew Chaikin, an American space historian and author of A Man On The Moonand Voices From The Moon."There are a lot of other ways in which Apollo's legacy lives on."

Fifty years later, CBC News is looking back at the landmarkmission, considering its impact on the world today and exploring Canada's role in the new space economy.

Liftoff to landing

Astronauts Neil Armstrong, Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin and Michael Collins lifted off from Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Centeron the east coast ofFlorida at 9:32 a.m. ET on July 16, 1969.

Watch the Apollo 11 liftoff:

Apollo 11 lifts off

5 years ago

Duration 1:35

The space mission to the moon left Earth July 16, 1969.

Four days later, as Collins orbited the moon in the command module, Armstrong and Aldrin landed Apollo 11's lunar module, Eagle, on the moon's Sea of Tranquility.

Armstrong becamethe first person to step on the surface. Aldrin joined him about 20 minutes later.Aldrin returned to the launch pad at the Kennedy Space CenterTuesday morning to mark the anniversary.

NASA is commemoratingthe historicmission with a livebroadcast Saturday the anniversary of the moon landing after partnering on a series of events across the U.S. earlier in the week. CBC News Network and CBCNews.ca (via livestream)will have special coverage Saturday beginning at 4 p.m. ET. Retired and current Canadian astronauts will also take part in events across the country.

Fly me to the moon

NASA plans to return to the moon and after pressure from U.S. Vice-President Mike Pence, hasmoved up itslaunch year to 2024. Some experts are calling thetimeline unrealistic.

India wants to takea giant leap in its space program, too. But its dream of a soft landing on the lunar south pole wastemporarily deferred Monday when the launch of its second moon mission was aborted less than an hour before liftoff.

While Canada might not be able to competewith larger players in the commercialization of space, the country is still finding ways to get in on the action through unique business ventures.

Canadians inspired to explore

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has committed to participating in the Lunar Gateway, a platform from which humans can travel to the moon, an asteroid or Mars.

Space travel takes a physical toll, however, and aCanadian researcher is involved in efforts to create artificial gravityallowing us to spend more time and go further in space.

In fact, the 1969 lunar landinginspired numerous Canadians, many of whom weren't even born at the time, to pursue a career in the space realm. Some astronauts and scientists found particular inspiration in the landing's legacy.

• When the Apollo 11 astronauts landed in Ottawa in 1969

Part of that legacy was in danger of unravelling, until a Canadian software engineer intervened. Toronto-based Ben Feisthelped restore the recorded voices of mission control from the moon landing whichhad previously been inaudible because of old tape formats and decades of cold storage.

Not only did it score Feist a job with NASA, but the audio was synched with archival footage previously unreleased to the public, to become part of the acclaimed 2019documentary Apollo 11.

How a Canadian helped restore Apollo 11's mission control

5 years ago

Duration 5:02

We visit Apollo Mission Control as it was 50 years ago with the Canadian who helped piece it all together.

Astronauts sound off on Hollywood

The moon landing has inspired countless Hollywood tales about space, from Gravity, starring Sandra Bullock, to the more recent First Man, starring Canadian Ryan Gosling as Neil Armstrong.

Hereare thespace travel films that get a thumbs up anda thumbs down,according to astronauts themselves.

Astronauts weigh in on what Hollywood films get right and wrong about space

5 years ago

Duration 5:39

CBC News spoke to the experts to see which movies have the right stuff when it comes to the great beyond

But who needs Hollywood when you have the real thing? Sotheby's auctioned off three original, first-generation recordings of the moon landing for $1.82 million US in New York on Saturday. That's more than 8,000 times the price paid for them byaformer NASA intern, who bought over a thousand tapesat a governmentsurplus auction decades ago without knowing what was on them. He intended to re-sellthem for re-use.

Turns outthree of them were first-generationvideo recordings of the moon landing, which NASA admitted in 2006 had gone missing. The tapes include Armstrong's famous line that was broadcast live:"That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."

Immortalized quote includes (a) change

Armstrong, who died in 2012 at the age of 82, said after the missionhe had been misquoted,that he had intended to and thought he did insert an "a" before "man." But he alsoadmitted at a 30th anniversary celebration of Apollo 11thathe couldn't hear it in the audio recordings either.

Listen to the live broadcast of the 1969 moon landing:

Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin land on the moon

5 years ago

Duration 2:28

Armstrong's immortal words: "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."

As a result, NASA's official transcript of the landingon its website includes a correction to "honour Neil's intent."

It reads: "That's one small step for (a) man; one giant leap for mankind."

According to a transcript of the news conference held after the landing, Armstrong was asked how he came up with the line.

"I did think about it," said Armstrong. "It was not extemporaneous, neither was it planned. It evolved during the conduct of the flight and I decided what the words would be while we were on the lunar surface just prior to leaving the lunar module."

After the astronauts arrived back with lunar rock samples, one Canadian city became a hotspot for further learning: Sudbury, Ont. Here are some of the lesser-known ways Canada played a role in the ambitious journey.

Clearing up an urban legend

BeforeAldrin, Armstrong and Collins returned to Earth, they appeared to follow the same protocol as any other international traveler.

The trio supposedly had to pass through U.S. Customs, signing a general declaration form upon arrival in Honolulu, Hawaii dated July 24, 1969. The "moon" was given as the departure locationand "Apollo 11" was recorded as the flight number. As for cargo to declare, it was written:"Moon rock and moon dust samples."

Aldrinshared a copyof the document in 2015 on social media and the U.S. Customs and Border Protectioneven posted it on its website to mark Apollo 11's 40th anniversary.

However, NASA's chief historian, Bill Barry, told CBC News that while thedocument is technically"authentic," it wasn't actually filled out by the astronauts. They were in quarantine at the time because of a fear they could have brought unknown lunar germs back to Earth.

Barry said NASA's history divisioninvestigated the backstory of the document a few years ago alongside U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

"It was sent to NASA by the Customs Service's District Director in Hawaii and the astronauts' signatures were apparently auto-pennedonto the document as a courtesy to the requestor," said Barry.

While many at NASA have believed the declaration to be a gag, historianssuggestit might have been an attempt to nab the astronauts' autographs, who were returning as national heroes.

Lessons learned

With no wind on the moon, the astronauts' iconic footprints will remain there forever. But that's far from the only reason the landing continues toleave its mark on society.

• Looking back to Apollo 11: How we did so much with so little

And the scientific discoveries resulting from the moon samples brought back have helped decode many facets of the solar system.

But Chaikinalso said some of the biggest lessons learned from the moon landinghave less to do with space andmore to do with human behaviour, so much so that Chaikin now teaches NASA engineers abouttrust, working togetherand group achievement based on the success of Apollo 11.

"Four hundred thousand people worked together to do something that seemed impossible at the time it was first proposed," Chaikinsaid. "There are some very powerful lessons in there about collaboration, about being open to ideas that may or may not align with what you think you know."