How to recycle the 'unrecyclable,' from cigarette butts to squeeze pouches

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If you're feeling guilty about all the coffee pods or squeeze pouches you're tossing in the trash, here's some good news: There are ways to recycle these and many other "unrecyclable" items.

Some recycling programs facilitated by private companiesincluding the manufacturers of products that aren't easily recyclableare filling the gap in order todivertsome of that waste away from the landfill.

The bad news is such programs face some big challengesand they'll probably never be able to do it on a large scale, accessible to everyone, everywhere.

TerraCycle is onecompany aimingto "recycle everything."

Its Toronto office is decorated with kites made from Oreo packages, lamps made from Febreeze spray-bottle tops and old CDs, and a coffee table made from coffee pods, itsgrey plastic embedded with flecks of blue, pink, orange and green fromthe shiny, colourful aluminum in Nespresso pods.

"Everything technically has a recycling solution," saidJessica Panetta, marketing manager for the Canadian branch for the New Jersey-based TerraCycle.

But if recycling a material is too costly and the recovered materialtoo hard to turn into new products, local governments instead send them to the landfill.

That's the case for a huge range of things,including chip bags, spray-bottle tops, latex gloves, ski goggles and car seats, which typically contain multiple parts and materials that have to be broken down and separated for processing.

"The cost to collect, process and recycle those items is far more than their actual value once they're recycled," Panetta said.

In the case of cigarette butts one of the most challenging things to recycle, according to Panetta the ash, tobacco and paper needto be separated and sent for composting, while the plastic filters are ground up and then recycled.

That type of complex recycling is TerraCycle's specialty.

Brands, consumers pay

The trick is learning how to cover the costs. Unlike most municipal recycling programs, TerraCycle doesn't rely on taxes and sales of recovered material. Instead, it's funded through two main sources:

• Brands with hard-to-recycle products like Nespresso coffee pods, Schneiders Lunchmates, Febreeze, and office-supply chain Staples, which allows peopleto collect and ship or drop off things for free, including ink cartridges, writing instruments and someelectronics.

• Consumers and groups willing to cover the cost of shipping and recycling themselves, through TerraCycle's Zero Waste Box program. It allows consumers to buy a box and fill it with specifieditems, suchas coffee pods or baby equipment. A small box that holds 250 coffee pods, for example, costs $65.82. A large box big enough to fit a car seatcosts $135.25 possibly more than the seat itself.

The materials are processed and turned into hard plastic products, like ashtrays, shipping pallets, picnic tables and playground equipment.

While people are obviously more willing to participate infree programs,brands often have budgets that limitthe amount of recycling they're willing to take on. If consumers send in too much, the program becomes too expensive andgets shut down.

That's what happened to a previous program that recycled certain chip bags and other snack wrappers.

To avoid a similar fate, TerraCycle limits the number of people who can participate in its programs.

'I sleep better'

Caitlin Gillespie waited two years for a spot in TerraCycle's cereal bag recycling program, funded by Sally's Cereal. She collected garbage bags full of cereal bags from her extended family, storing them in her basement.

"I'm a huge fan of cereal and I saw how much was being thrown out, because they can't go in the blue bin."

She finally snagged a spot in December 2015, and has since collected about another 5,000cereal bagsfrom her family and colleagues atEnvironment Canada.

She also collects squeeze pouches from the baby food consumed by her daughter,Isla, and writing toolsshe drops off at Staples.

"I sleep better knowing that less waste is going to landfill because of me. And I'm selfishI'm not going to stop eating cereal," she saidwith a laugh.

Nor is she going to stop giving her daughter squeeze pouches, she said, since theyallow Isla to feed herself and aremore convenient than glass jars "and the spoon and the bib and the mess."

More recycling, more waste?

Marie-JoseBoulet,an elementary schoolteacher inStanstead, Que., is trying to promote a zero-waste classroom for her students. One obstacle she was regularly seeingis applesauce squeeze pouches brought as snacks.

She asked herstudents to research what could be done with them, and one of them foundTerraCycle.

And while it seemed like a great option at first, Bouletsaid she thought about what would happen if she started collecting the pouches.

"It encourages kids to buy more, I'm sure," she said.

Boulet also questionedthe value of the products made fromrecycled plastic and the motives of the companieswho participate. "Is it just to sell more of their products and feel better, instead of just changing the packaging?"

She insteaddecided to encourage her students to bring whole apples to school; they're using the squeeze pouches already collected to make their own tote bags.

CalvinLakhan, a researcher who studies waste management at York University, agrees that marketingproducts as recyclableeven if they're not accepted by blue bin programsmay ease people's guilt, potentially leading to buy more than they otherwise would.

"What they're not really communicating to the public is the size and scale of that ability to recycle," Lakhan said. "It's one of those things where good intent leads to some bad outcomes."

Consumers canalso become confused about what's recyclable and may inadvertently end up contaminating their local blue box programs.

• Many Canadians are recycling wrong, and it's costing us millions

A recent study by the City of Toronto found residents throw out about 1,300 tonnes of coffee pods a year, withabout 14 per cent ending up in a blue or green bin, even though the city doesn't accept them.

Lakhansaid the cost of having that contamination in the system is enormous.Still, he commends TerraCycle for pushing the envelope in terms of what can technically be recycled.

"I think TerraCycle does wonderful work in terms of developing the technologies and hopefully [can] have it adopted on a wider scale."

Where to go from here

Is signing cities up to recycle through TerraCycle the solutionthen?

Panetta said while the company could theoreticallycollect and process large volumes of material,it doesn't solve the issues that stop cities from recycling those materials themselves in the first place.

In many cases, she said, it's about funding and who would use the recovered materials afterward.

Most cities aren't even willing to commit to TerraCycle's well-funded andfree cigarette butt recycling program, as"free" programs do incur some costs.Someone needs to perform the labour of collecting and shipping this distinctwaste, which can be inefficient andcost-prohibitive.

The cities of Montreal and London, Ont., for example, have opted to cover it.But others, like Toronto, have not.

Meanwhile,Panetta thinks many brands are starting to feel pressure from consumers to build more durable products or participate in programs, like those offered by TerraCycle.

"I think we're moving in the direction of a less disposable world to begin with," she said. "I think that's definitely the direction that it needs to go."

Trying to recycle everything comes at a high cost | Reduce, Reuse, Rethink

6 years ago

Duration 2:33

Trying to recycle everything including hard-to-recycle items like coffee pods and cigarette butts can come at a high cost.