What's a teraflop? Xbox's E3 gaming buzzwords, decoded

"It's a monster."

That's how one speaker described Project Scorpio, the upgraded version of Microsoft's Xbox One console, in a promotional video shown at the E3 gaming conference last week.

"Coming Holiday 2017, Project Scorpio will be the most powerful console ever created," reads a Microsoftpress release, "with six teraflops of GPU enabling a premier console gaming experience including true 4K gaming and high fidelity virtual reality."

The sales pitch for its lesser-powered sibling, the Xbox One S, also toutsHDR gaming, which the original Xbox One, launched in 2013, does not offer.

According to multiple reports, Sony's new version of its PlayStation 4 console will also support 4K gaming and virtual reality.

But what do those terms mean? Are theyharbingers of a newer, brighter era in gaming graphics, or just buzzwords meant to empty our wallets?

Six teraflops

"Flops" is short for"floating point operations per second." Terais a prefix for onetrillion, so a device with sixteraflopscan make six trillion operations per second.

The more flops your computer can process, the more polygons it can draw on the screen. More polygons allows a designer to create more complex images.

The current Xbox One has about 1.32 teraflops of power.Project Scorpio is billed at six, and current reports peg the upcoming PlayStation 4 Neo at 4.14 teraflopswhich will makeProject Scorpio theleader in raw graphic-processing power when it is released.

But do those numbers translate into better visuals?

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"That's mostly just tech wankery that doesn't mean much as far as actual player experience is concerned," says Nels Anderson, a designer and programmerfor Campo Santo, maker ofFirewatch."It's mostly just 'our numbers are bigger than your numbers!' tech marketing broadsides."

Teraflops alone don't make for a powerful system.

"Final performance of any new machines always comes down to the sum of all the parts:the CPU, the GPU, memory size, memory speeds, hard drive speeds," says BryanMcConkey, a software developer at Toronto-based Capy Games."No single piece of info gives us the full picture."

Raising the resolution

Both Project Scorpio and the PlayStation Neo will reportedly support 4K gaming, raising the resolution of images from 1,920 by1,080 pixels (also known as 1080p)to 3,840by2,160 pixels.

The greater the number ofpixels, the sharper the image.

Liketelevision content, however, games have to be able to output in 4K for players to see the difference."Having actual 4K resolution on a console game would be rad, but since that jump in resolution is huge, you'd need much beefier hardware to do it,"Anderson says.

HDR gaming

Short for high-dynamic-range, HDR televisions can display more vibrant colours with a higher contrast than traditional screens.

"In lay terms, bright things can be really bright, dark things can be really dark, and the details can be seen in both," computer graphics company Nvidia explainedback in a 2004 presentation.

HDR capability could be a way to make some games pop visually on the less powerful Xbox One S, without requiring users to upgradeto theProject Scorpio console.

Gears of War 4 and Forza Horizon 3will support HDR on the Xbox One Swhen they hit stores this fall.

But just like4K visuals, you'll need a TV with HDR capabilities. And just like 4K, they don't come cheap: Canadians are currently looking atupward of $1,500 for a 4K TV with HDR capabilities.

Virtual reality

The promo for Project Scorpio touted its support for "high fidelity virtual reality."

VR has been in the spotlight since headsets like the Oculus Rift and HTC Vive launched earlier this year. But ittypically requires powerful devices(more powerful than the current Xbox One and PlayStation 4) to run smoothly.

Anderson says a VR game needs to render ata minimum of 90 frames per second to run well, compared to traditional games' sweet spot of 60 frames per second.

"You need to render what people are seeing at a higher frame rate, otherwise it's super likely the person playing will get really nauseous," he told CBC News. (When you're surrounded by VR,less-than-smooth imagescanaffect your equilibrium and causemotion sickness.)

Consumers might not need Project Scorpio levels of power to have good gaming experiences, however.Sony says its upcomingPlayStationVR headset will work with the currentPlayStation4, for instance,and won't require the PS4 Neo.

"I think better hardware opens the possibilities in terms of what kind of visual fidelity and scene complexity that we'll be able to see in VR," saysRenaud Bdard, senior programmer at Square-Enix Montral."But it's not impossible to do it on current consoles."

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