5 ways a Joe Biden presidency will affect Canada

The fallout from the U.S. presidentialelection touches countries around the world starting with its neighbours next door. Joe Biden's election as U.S. presidenthas numerous potentialimplications for Canada.

He has different ideas about trade, defence, China, climate change, energy and immigration fromDonald Trump, whom he'll replace on Jan. 20, 2021.

Here are five examples of how their presidencies will differ.

Energy and the environment

There werestriking differences between the candidates. Trump promisedmore oil drilling, more pipelines and less regulation. Biden, on the other hand, saidhe'd cancel Trump's permit for the Keystone XL pipeline from Canada.

Biden wants to invest massively in clean energy; rejoin the Paris Accord; and, finally, name, shameand potentially punish countries with green tariffs if they fail to cut emissions. He can do several of these things by executive order.

The big investmentin clean energy, however, would require an infrastructure deal getting through Congress and that would be more challenging if Republicans, as expected, continue to hold the Senate.

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'Time to heal in America': President-elect Joe Biden's victory address

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President-elect Joe Biden spoke directly to Americans who didn't vote for him during his victory address in Wilmington, Del., saying it's 'time to listen to each other again' and to stop treating opponents like enemies.

International trade

Some irritants willremaineven under Biden. For instance, Biden promises more Buy American policies, and perennial disputes like softwood lumber would not disappear.

But Biden says he'd drop some of Trump's most aggressive moves against allies, like the steel and aluminum tariffs based on alleged national-security grounds. He has also hinted he might, eventually, try negotiating U.S. re-entry into the pan-Pacific trade pact now known as CPTPP. Don't expect that new trade deal to be an early priority.

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WATCH | What a Biden presidency means for Canada:

What a Biden presidency could mean for Canada

4 years ago

Duration 6:42

If Joe Biden wins the U.S. presidential election, Canadians could feel the impact in areas like energy, trade and defence.

Defence

Canadian defence policy has long rested on the assumption of an unshakeable partnership with the United States. Yet old alliances have recently seemed less sturdy.

Trump has rattled old assumptions, repeatedly criticizing NATO allies for under-spending on their military. Some defence analysts, and a top former aide to Trump, feared he might withdraw from NATO in a second term. That uncertainty lingeredover a deployment of Canadian troops in Eastern Europe.

Biden is a staunch NATO advocate, and under his watch, Canada could face a different challenge: conversations about NATO's future role and missions. One major issue continues to hover over the continent:whether Canada will wind up spending billions to install new radar over the Arctic.

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China

Whenthe globe's two superpowers clash, Canada risks getting sideswiped. Just ask the Canadians in Chinese jail cellsand the canola, pork and beef farmers punished by Beijing after Canada executed a U.S. arrest warrant against a high-profile Chinese telecomexec.

China-U.S. tensions now loom over myriad global issues: Trump withdrew from theWorld Health Organization, partially paralyzed the World Trade Organization, part of China-U.S. disputes that touched agriculture, educational exchanges, journalism, new technologies and sanctioned goods. These issues aren't going away.

Biden, however, says he wants to approach things differently for starters, by working more closely with allies.

He plans to host a summit of democracies to discuss ways governments and private-sector companies like banks and social media platforms might push back against global authoritarianism.

One thing Trump never clearly articulated and it's something Biden would be pressed to offer is a sense of the long-term goal: How does the U.S. intend to coexist with China?

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Immigration

Canada enjoyed a historic boom in skilled immigration and foreign students under Trump,as the presidentintroduced a number ofrestrictions.

Thathardline approach would have continued in a second term,and in fact Trumprecently announced a number of new clampdownson a wide range of visas, including the popular H1-B program.He also soughtto end the temporary humanitarian protection of thousands of migrants who face threats back home, and decrease the overall number of refugees who come to the U.S.

Biden has said he would reverse Trump's H1-B visa freeze, review the decision to end humanitarian protection for migrants, repeal Trump's travel banand increase the number of refugees coming into the U.S. to 125,000. All these policies could affect Canada, from the border, to corporateboardrooms looking to recruit foreign talent.

Biden's platformsays he also wants to convene a meeting with Canada, Mexico, and other countries in the region to develop an international plan to deal with irregular migration and its root causes. Some analysts view that as a potentialopening to renegotiate the Canada-U.S. Safe Third Country Agreement.

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WATCH | How he got here: The life and political career of Joe Biden:

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President-elect Joe Biden started out in Scranton, Pa., and has experienced tragedies and triumphs in his long journey to the White House.