After U.S. ultimatum, Israel immediately promises to open new aid routes into Gaza

Israel promised to opennew humanitarian aid routes into Gaza immediately after being threatened Thursday with an ultimatum from its mostimportant international ally.

A border crossing into northern Gaza and an Israeli port will both be used to deliver food and aid for the first time since the Mideast conflict erupted last fall, Israel announced.

This promise to use the Erez land crossing and the Ashdod port for aid came within hours of Israel receiving an unprecedented threat from U.S.President Joe Biden.

The U.S.had warned its Middle Eastern ally to immediately adjust course in certain aspects of its war in Gaza during a half-hour phone call between Biden and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

Israel provided no public timeline for the opening but the White House said in a statement it would be intently watching for progress: "[This] must now be fully and rapidly implemented."

The phone call, the U.S. said earlier, was spurred by the deaths of seven aid workers, including a Canadian-American citizen, killed earlier this week in Israeli strikes.

WATCH | Washington pushes for change in Gaza:

U.S. contemplating policy change on Gaza

6 months ago

Duration 1:29

U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken says that if Israel does not make the changes Washington wants to see toward strengthening protection and aid for civilians and humanitarian workers, it will change its policy toward Gaza.

"There's been growing frustration," with Israel's handling of the war, White House spokesman John Kirby said Thursday.

In the coming hours and days, he said, the U.S. would look for several specific changes: new humanitarian aid crossings into Gaza, an immediate ceasefire as Israel takes new steps to protect civilians, and more movement in hostage negotiations.

In an indicator of the shifting politics of the war, this markedthe first time the Biden administration hadthreatened publicly to use its leverage on Israel to get specific changes in Gaza.

In Washington, criticism of Israel, once relegated to the fringe, has moved into the mainstream, with Biden facing particular pressure from his party's left.

What's less clear is what, exactly, the U.S. is threatening Israel with.

The White House has repeatedly refused to offer specifics on just what willhappenif it remainsunsatisfied with what it hears back from Netanyahu's government.

For example, Kirby sidestepped the question of whether the U.S. would halt weapons transfers. He simply said the U.S. will adjust its policies, based on what Israel does next.

"What we want to see are some real changes on the Israeli side. And if we don't see changes from their side, there'll have to be changes from our side," he said.

"But I won't preview what that could look like."

On a related note, Kirby declined to comment on extraordinary allegationsabout one reasonfor thehigh number of civilian casualties in Gaza.

Israeli and Britishnew outlets this week reported on an artificial intelligence program, called Lavender, that the Israeli military has allegedly used to compile a list of people who might be Hamas operatives.

The list purportedly grew to 37,000 at one point; iteventually shrank, as the search criteria were adjusted. Thepeople on that list were allegedly targeted for bombing, even if they were with numerous civilians.

Military personnel rarely questioned the AI before approving strikes on entire residential dwellings, said the reports.

The Israeli military rejected the allegations.

In a statement, the Israel Defence Forces said it does not rely on artificial intelligence to pick targets. The IDF said it merely uses the technology described in the reports to create a database of names that it consults as an additional resource. Italso said it carefully assesses potential for casualties resulting from its strikes on a case-by-case basis.

Weapons shipments

The greatest leverage the U.S. has over Israel,potentially, is its weapons sales.

American media recently reported the U.S has quietly delivered more than 100 weapons shipments to Israel since Oct. 7 including thousands of munitions, bombs and small arms on top of two shipments totalling some $253 million US that were publicly known. The administration has also pressed Congress to approve transfers of $18 billion US in fighter jets.

Netanyahu on Thursday said such shipments are key to finishing the war faster.

"Victory is within reach. We are very close," he said.

Looming over all this is the Iran angle. An escalation of hostility between Israel and its nearby rival could prolong the conflict, broaden it, and potentially even further draw in the U.S.

Tehran has threatened reprisals for a recent Israeli strike that killed several of its military commanders gathered at a diplomatic compound in Syria.

Netanyahu spoke briefly about his potential reaction, should Iran strike: "Whoever harms us, or plans to harm us, we will harm them," he said before a cabinet meeting.

It was during that same meeting that the Netanyahu war cabinet approved the new aid routes, indicating that the hardline and more nationalist elements of the government were forced to accept them.

In Washington, a progressive foreign-policy group applauded the shift in tone from Biden. It was "a step in the right direction," said the Center for International Policy.

But it demanded more, and urged several policy actions including the use of U.S. leverage for a full ceasefire and and fully enforcing U.S. law and arms policy in aid of adequate humanitarian efforts.

Former Bush official calls for trade penalties against Israel

"The urgent humanitarian crisis in Gaza... requires more than stern words," it said.

And it's not just the progressive left urging Biden to harden his line. So are more moderate lawmakers.

Richard Haass, a pillar of Washington's centrist foreign-policy establishment, a former official in two Republican administrations, is calling for trade sanctions and controls on weapons transfers.

"At some point the words become empty," Haass, now the president of the Council on Foreign Relations, said on MSNBC.

He said that, in the first Bush administration, the U.S. confronted Israel on its settlements in the occupied territories.

Haas said it's time, now, to put tariffs on goods from West Bank settlements, and place conditions on U.S. weapons transfers.