U.S. House Republicans impeach Biden's Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas

The U.S. House voted Tuesday to impeach Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas, with the Republican majority determined to punish President JoeBiden's administration over its handling of the U.S-Mexico border after failing last week in a politically embarrassing setback.

The evening roll call proved tight, with Speaker Mike Johnson's threadbare Republicanmajority unable to handle many defectors or absences in the face of staunch Democratic opposition to impeaching Mayorkas, the first Cabinet secretary facing charges in nearly 150 years.

In a historic rebuke, the House impeached Mayorkas 214-213.

With the return of Majority Leader Steve Scalise to bolster the Republicans'numbers after being away from Washington for cancer care and a Northeastern storm impacting some others, Republicans recouped despite dissent from their own ranks.

President Joe Biden said in a statement released after the vote, "History will not look kindly on House Republicans for their blatant act of unconstitutional partisanship that has targeted an honourable public servant in order to play petty political games."

Johnson had posted a fists-clenched photo with Scalise, announcing his remission from cancer, saying, "looking forward to having him back in the trenches this week!"

The Republicaneffort to impeach Mayorkas over his handling of the southern border has taken on an air of political desperation as Republicans struggle to make good on their priorities.

Border policy dispute

Mayorkas faced two articles of impeachment filed by the Homeland Security Committee arguing that he "willfully and systematically" refused to enforce existing immigration laws and that he breached the public trust by lying to Congress and saying the border was secure.

But critics of the impeachment effort said the charges against Mayorkas amount to a policy dispute over Biden's border policy, hardly rising to the U.S. Constitution's bar of high crimes and misdemeanours.

The House had initially launched an impeachment inquiry into President Joe Biden over his son's business dealings, but instead turned its attention to Mayorkas after Trump ally Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene of Georgia pushed the debate forward following the panel's months-long investigation.

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Senate trial next

The charges against Mayorkas would next go to the Democrat-led Senate for a trial.

The Republican-led House will present the impeachment articles to the Senate upon its return from recess on Feb. 26, with senators sworn in as jurors the next day, according to Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer's office.

Neither Democratic nor Republican senators have shown interest in the matter and it may be indefinitely shelved to a committee, with Schumer characterizing the case against Mayorkas a "sham impeachment" and a "new low for House Republicans."

Border security has shot to the top of campaign issues, with Donald Trump, the Republican front-runner for the presidential nomination, insisting he will launch "the largest domestic deportation operation in American history" if he retakes the White House.

Various House Republicans have prepared legislation to begin deporting migrants who were temporarily allowed into the U.S. under the Biden administration's policies, many as they await adjudication of asylum claims.

"We have no choice," Trump said in stark language at a weekend rally in South Carolina.

At the same time, Johnson rejected a bipartisan Senate border security package but has been unable to advance Republicans' own proposal, which is a nonstarter in the Senate.

Three Republican representatives broke ranks last week over the Mayorkas impeachment, which several leading conservative scholars have dismissed as unwarranted and a waste of time.

With a 219-212 majority, Johnson had few votes to spare.

Long list of impeachment attempts

Mayorkas is not the only Biden administration official the House Republicans want to impeach.

They have filed legislation to impeach a long list including Vice-President Kamala Harris, Attorney General Merrick Garland, FBI Director Christopher Wray and Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin.

Never before has a sitting Cabinet secretary been impeached, and it was nearly 150 years ago that the House voted to impeach President Ulysses S. Grant's secretary of war, William Belknap, over a kickback scheme in government contracts.He resigned before the vote.

Mayorkas, who did not appear to testify before the impeachment proceedings, put the border crisis squarely on Congress for failing to update immigration laws during a time of global migration.

"There is no question that we have a challenge, a crisis at the border," Mayorkas said over the weekend on NBC. "And there is no question that Congress needs to fix it."

Johnson and the Republicans have pushed back, arguing that the Biden administration could take executive actions, as Trump did, to stop the number of crossings though the courts have questioned and turned back some of those efforts.

"We always explore what options are available to us that are permissible under the law," Mayorkas said.

Last week's failed vote to impeach Mayorkas a surprise outcome rarely seen on such a high-profile issue was a stunning display in the chamber that has been churning through months of Republican chaos since the ouster of the previous House speaker.

One of the Republican holdouts, Rep. Mike Gallagher of Wisconsin, who had served as a Marine, announced over the weekend he would not be seeking re-election in the fall, joining a growing list of serious-minded Republican lawmakers heading for the exits.

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At the time, Texas Democratic Rep. Al Green,who had been hospitalized for emergency abdominal surgery, made a surprise arrival, wheeled into the chamber in scrubs and socks to vote against it leaving the vote tied, and failed.

"Obviously, you feel good when you can make a difference," said Green, describing his painstaking route from hospital bed to the House floor.

"All I did was what I was elected to do, and that was to cast my vote on the issues of our time, using the best judgment available to me."