In some ways, 2017 was a landmark year for women in movies, with Patty Jenkins directing Wonder Woman, one of the three highest-earning films at the box office , all of which featured major female characters. Several female directors also were behind smaller, critically acclaimed movies, like Greta Gerwigs Lady Bird and Dee Rees Mudbound.

But barely anything has changed for women in the movie industry over the last decade, according to a wide-ranging new study led by University of Southern California professor Stacy Smith, who regularly examines the issue of representation in Hollywood.

Released Thursday, the report entitled Inclusion in the Directors Chair? found that from 2007 to 2017, there was no measurable change in the number of major movies directed by women or people of color.

Smith and her team examined the filmmakers behind the 100 top-grossing movies released in each of the years included in the study a total of 1,223 filmmakers and 1,100 movies. Only 4 percent of the directors were women, a ratio of 22 males to every one female director, according to their report.