Last year, the top films at the box office featured more women of color as lead characters than in previous years. However, it was one of the only noticeable improvements in an overall disappointing outlook for representation in front of the camera, according to one major study.

In 2022, 16 of the top 100 highest-grossing movies in the U.S. starred a woman of color as the films lead or co-lead five more than in 2021, as documented in the University of Southern Californias Annenberg Inclusion Initiatives latest report . The study, released Thursday, is the groups annual examination of the gender, race/ethnicity and age of lead actors in major movies.

In addition to the 16 movies starring women of color, two top movies in 2022 featured lead roles for nonbinary actors of color: Janelle Mone in Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery and Amandla Stenberg in Bodies Bodies Bodies. And in a substantial shift from previous years, women of color outpaced men of color in leading roles: The men were leads or co-leads in 14 of the years top movies.

The uptick in leading women and nonbinary performers of color on screen was the reports only bright spot. In 2022, there were no marked improvements in the percentages of women or people of color as leads in major films, the study found. Those percentages have barely moved in the past five years, painting not a particularly optimistic picture. It all suggests that in a period of increased calls for change from multiple so-called reckonings like the Me Too movement and the aftermath of the police murder of George Floyd any commitments to diversity or inclusion were mere lip service, the report warns. (The group, founded by Stacy L. Smith, says it plans to examine LGBTQ+ representation and disability representation in a report later this year.)

On female representation, 44% of 2022s major films featured women in lead roles, similar to the 41% in 2021. Over the past five years, the percentage of top films starring women has plateaued at about 40% each year, and in no year has it reached gender parity, according to the study.

Similarly, on-screen representation for people of color has barely shifted. Of the 100 top movies in 2022, 29% featured actors of color as leads or co-leads. Its not substantially different from the past five years, during which the percentage has plateaued at about 30%, far below proportional representation based on the U.S. census. Of the actors of color playing leads in 2022, 36.4% were Black, 24.2% were multiracial/multiethnic, 21.2% were Asian and 18.2% were Hispanic/Latino.