'We have no alternative': White paper warns lost B.C. farmland could be catastrophic

A white paper released Tuesday urges B.C. to protect what little farmland it has, arguing that sprawling estates and businesses are glutting up "precious" arable tracts that future generations will require to survive.

Kent Mullinix, co-author of the paper and sustainable food expert with Kwantlen Polytechnic University, says the rising price of land is preventing fertile areas protected under the province's Agricultural Land Commission Act from being used for their designated purpose: producing food.

And that misuse will directly impact food security in years to come, Mullinix says.

A double-whammy of population growth plus climate change means the province will be "challenged to produce food in the future," he told B.C. Almanac's Michelle Eliot.

Fraction of land used for food

Vast swathes of mountain and ice make 95 per cent of the province unsuitable for farming, the paper reports. Of the five per cent left, only half is currently used for crops and livestock.

Under scrutiny in Tuesday's report are policies that increase the cost of that farmland, such as tax breaks for rural landowners who engage in "minimal agricultural production," the report says.

It recommends, among other changes, raising the income threshold from farming to $7,000 for those applying for the tax break.

Speculationand competitive use from homes and businesses also contribute to skyrocketing land costs that discourage agriculture.

Legislation gets makeover

The Agricultural Land Reserve, a land-protection program founded in 1973,aimed to protectfarmland from encroaching urbanization and industry staving off bothstrip malls andstrip mining but Mullinixargues that its strength is being chipped away in part by a rule that allows developers and speculators to apply for exemptions.

Agriculture minister LanaPophamsaid in a statement that she welcomesthe study as the province seeks public input to revitalize theALR.

The report's authors say that revitalizationneeds to "challengeentrenched ideas" about land ownership, private property and the "sanctity of the free market ideal."

They hope changes couldrestrict ownership of ALRland to farmers and makeit easier for them to earn a living a necessary condition in today's market, says GunrajGill, spokesperson for theRichmond Farmland Owners Association.

"People were able to live off farming in the past," Gill said. "That's not the case anymore."

Gill said farmers in the Lower Mainlandhave withstood abarrage of so-called "mega-mansions" which they say take advantage of current ALRtax breaks and put the farming community at risk of dissolution.

Compounding the struggle, he adds, are low food prices, making farming less lucrative as a career. Gill says a number of farmers in Richmond have needed side jobs just to make ends meet.

Food security a priority

Competition for land and the rising costs of doing businessmakes food production a difficult path, Gill adds, but says the farmers he knows want to stick with it.

"They can lead the province as long as they're allowed to stay on their land," he said.

The situation in B.C. reflects a wider question of food security, Mullinixsays.

Worldwide, he warns, arable land is at a premium. "We are farming essentially all there is to farm," he said.

"We have to regard this land as a precious, non-renewable resource. We have no alternative."

With files from CBCRadio One's B.C. Almanac